Infos sur Grammaire

N1 Leçon 3: 15/17

つ (Conjunctive)two contrasting actions

Structure

Verb[stem]+ + (Antonym) Verb[stem]+
Verb[stem]+ + (Antonym) Verb[stem]+ + + Noun
Verb[stem]+ + Verb[られる]ーる +
Verb[stem]+ + Verb[られる]ーる + + + Noun

()(もど) - going back and forth
()(しず) - rising and falling (bobbing)
()(かく) - coming in and out of sight
おい (from ()()) - wavering between
()(すが) - taking a good look
()んず(ほぐ) - struggling with
()()かれ - neck-and-neck
()()たれ - give-and-take
()()され - pull and be pulled
()()われ - lead changing many times
()()され - taking turns filling cups

Détails

  • Niveau de langue

    Standard

À propos de つ〜つ

is a conjunction particle in Japanese that is used in constructions where it will appear twice, highlighting contrasting verbs. This つ~つ structure is often translated as 'to be doing (A) and (B) over and over', where the actions are happening repeatedly one after the other.

will connect to the conjunctive form of verbs, with (A) and (B) generally appearing in direct sequence.

Additionally, it is also quite common to see the same verb being repeated in both places. When this happens, the (A) verb will be in the standard form, while the (B) verb will be in the passive form. This just translates as 'to do (A) and to have (A) done to oneself'.

Caution

This grammar pattern is only used with a limited set of words in modern Japanese. Here is a list of some standard combinations.

()きつ(もど)りつ - To go back and forth.

()きつ(しず)みつ - To surface and submerge (to bob).

()えつ(かく)れつ - To go in and our of sight.

とつおいつ (from ()りつ()きつ) - To waver between.

()めつ(すが)めつ - To take a good look.

()んず(ほど)れつ - To intertwine and release (to grapple).

()きつ()かれつ - To pull away and be pulled away from (to be neck and neck).

()ちつ()たれつ - To have and to be held (to give and take).

()しつ()されつ - To press and be pressed.

()いつ()われつ - To overtake and be overtaken.

()しつ()されつ - To pour and be poured (to take turns exchanging drinks).

Exemples

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    アリとアリマキは()()たれ関係(かんけい)にある。

    Ants and aphids have a give-and-take relationship.

    ()()されしてなんとかそこに()くことができた。

    I managed to get there somehow by pushing and being pushed.

    (かれ)はドアの(まえ)をしばらく不安(ふあん)げに()(もど)していたすえに(はい)ることにした。

    After some time, he finally decided to go inside after nervously going back and forth in front of the door.

    老人(ろうじん)小枝(こえだ)()(しず)(なが)めながら、(うみ)(にお)いを(たの)しんだ。

    The old man enjoyed the smell of the sea while watching the sinking and rising (bobbing) twig.

    藤原(ふじわら)拓海(たくみ)須藤(すどう)京一(きょういち)など、(おお)くの有名(ゆうめい)なドライバーが()()かれのレースを()(ひろ)げた。

    Takumi Fujiwara, Kyoichi Sudo, and many other famous drivers put on a neck and neck race. (back and forth)

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      つ〜つ – Discussion Grammaire

      Réponses les plus récentes (1 au total)

      • wrt7MameLZE33wlmpCAV

        wrt7MameLZE33wlmpCAV

        I noticed that くんずほぐれつ is spelled with ず instead of つ. While the only verb on the list that would fall into this category is 組む, so it’s hard to tell, is it correct to infer that ぬ・む verbs exhibit this as a form of 連濁? I’m not sure whether ぐ verbs would be similarly affected or if they would follow く and take つ.

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