Struktur
Verb + 以上(は)
［い］Adjective + 以上(は)
［な］Adjective + である + 以上(は)
Noun + である + 以上(は)
Rincian
Formal
Tentang 以上 ②
When combined with the adverbial particle は, 以上 is frequently translated as 'since (A), (B)', 'now that (A), (B)', or 'as long as (A), (B)'. This is a formal structure that is rarely found in daily speech.
This construction may be used with verbs and い-Adjectives in their standard forms, and な-Adjectives or nouns followed by である以上は.
As with many other grammar points, the particle is often dropped, leaving 以上 by itself.
Due to である以上は often presenting something which is being acted upon, the (B) part of sentences that include this grammar structure will frequently include the resolutions or intentions of the speaker, and can be thought of as either obvious or necessary once considering (A). This usually appears in the form of べきだ, つもりだ, はずだ, たい, ほうがいい, and similar patterns.
Fun-fact
Despite the standard translations, the literal meaning of 'above and beyond (A), (B)' is also a good way to remember this grammar pattern, as it basically highlights that anything 'past', 'beyond', or 'above' (A) is what needs to be considered.
Terkait
Contoh
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試験を受ける以上、休むことはできない。
As long as I am taking the exam, I can't rest.
親である以上は子育てを頑張るべきだ。
Since you are a parent, you should do your best to raise your child.
日本に来た以上、真剣に日本語の勉強をしたいと思います。
Now that I have come to Japan, I think I want to study Japanese seriously.
都心に住んでいる以上、渋滞は避けられない。
Now that I am living in the city center, I can't avoid the traffic.
この条件で引き受けた以上、文句は言えない。
Now that I have agreed to these terms, I can't complain.
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Online
Belum ada materi Online untuk 「以上 ②」。
Kamu dapat . Materi selalu diperbarui, jadi kembali lagi nanti untuk melihat yang baru!
Offline
Belum ada materi Offline untuk 「以上 ②」。
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以上 ② – Diskusi Tata Bahasa
Balasan Terbaru (total 4)
Pushindawood
@Ambo100 Hey! The first 以上 was originally displayed in hiragana to make it more accessible to new users. I have changed the 以上s to be 以上① and 以上②. We are working on getting all of the page numbers of DIJG and DAJG onto the site and will push them once allocated. Cheers!
entropyofchaos
Is the usage of this with い-adjectives correct? I was taught in my class that we can’t use 以上②. Is this correct? I showed her the one example in the explanation section and she said it seemed strange. She tried to look up the grammar point in her own resources and couldn’t find anything showing it was ok except maybe when ない is used.
lisaki8
You’re right. 以上は only follows verbs (plain form) or 〜である.
The books A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar and A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar are very useful fo checking on points like this.
Punya pertanyaan tentang 以上 ②? Yuk, bergabung dan ikutan berdiskusi, bertanya, serta belajar bareng!
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