Info Tata Bahasa

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如(ごと)くLike, Similar to, As if, The same as

よう is now used in most situations except some fixed phrases

Struktur

Noun + の(1) + ごとし。
Noun + の(1) + ごとく
Noun + の(1) + ごとき + Noun

Verb + が(2) + ごとし。
Verb + が(2) + ごとく
Verb + が(2) + ごとき + Noun,

(1)であるが
(2) かの

Rincian

  • Formal

Tentang 如く・如き・如し

如(ごと)し is an classical auxiliary verb in Japanese which has a very similar meaning to its modern equivalent, よう 'manner of'. Just like よう, ごとし (written primarily in hiragana) focuses on the appearance of (A) based on observation. Due to this, ごとし may be translated as 'like (A)', 'similar to (A)', or 'as if it were (A)'.

ごとし is the base form of this auxiliary verb, but ごとく (the conjunctive form), and ごとき (the attributive form) will also be seen. As only ごとき is attributive, it may be followed directly by other nouns, while ごとし most often comes at the end of sentences. ごとく acts as an adverb when preceding verbs, but may also be seen before breaks in clauses. Let's look at a few examples of each form.

Like よう, ごとし and its variations will follow の when coming after a noun. However, it will follow が when coming after a verb.

As ごとし is old-fashioned, it will primarily be encountered in books, rather than in speech.

Fun Fact

The kanji 如 itself has a meaning very similar to the word 'likeness' in English, indicating something that resembles (A) in every sense of the word, but is not actually (A). This kanji can be seen in several common words in Japanese such as 如何(どう) 'how'.

Terkait

Contoh

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  • 彼女(かのじょ)の動(うご)きはバレリーナの如(ごと)し。

    Her movements are like those of a ballet dancer.

  • ガンダルフの如(ごと)き英雄(えいゆう)はたんと無(な)い。

    There are not many heroes like Gandalf.

  • ウサイン・ボルトの如(ごと)く走(はし)る。

    He runs like Usain Bolt.

  • サービス業(ぎょう)のマネージャーを任(まか)されている私(わたし)にとって、休日(きゅうじつ)などはあってなきが如(ごと)し。

    For me, who has been entrusted as the manager of the service sector, something like days off are virtually nonexistent.

  • 忍者(にんじゃ)についての小説(しょうせつ)：「カツラが疾風(はやて)の如(ごと)く庭(にわ)を駆(か)け巡(めぐ)り、塀(へい)を飛(と)び越(こ)えていった。」

    A novel about ninja: 'Katsura ran through the garden like a swift wind and jumped over the wall.'

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      如く・如き・如し – Diskusi Tata Bahasa

      Balasan Terbaru (total 12)

      • okayfrog

        okayfrog

        I’d like a follow-up on this as I’m confused as well. Isn’t 庭 a noun?

        EDIT: And this one as well

      • matt_in_mito

        matt_in_mito

        Ooh it’s always nice to get a reply to a 5-year old post that I remember nothing about. Thanks for reminding me I’ve basically been here forever haha

      • JDong

        JDong

        Also having trouble understanding why ごとき doesn’t work here. ごとし seems straightforward but I’m not really picking up on the difference in nuance between ごとく and ごとき. In sentences like
        ウサイン・ボルトの如く走る。
        ガンダルフの如き英雄はたんと無い。
        The two forms seem like they’re fulfilling the same purpose.

        Edit: just realized, ごとき modifies a noun (like のような), ごとく adds description (like のように)

      Punya pertanyaan tentang 如く・如き・如し? Yuk, bergabung dan ikutan berdiskusi, bertanya, serta belajar bareng!

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