名字(みょうじ)帯刀(たいとう)the right to bear a surname and to wear a sword (during the Edo period)

江戸時代(えどじだい)の頃(ころ)、名字帯刀(みょうじたいとう)は武士(ぶし)の特権(とっけん)だった。

During the Edo period, the right to bear a surname and to wear a sword was a privilege of the samurai.

苗字(みょうじ)を名乗(なの)って太刀(たち)を帯（お）びる事(こと)を名字帯刀（みょうじたいとう）と言(い)います。

The act of claiming a surname and wearing a sword is called 名字帯刀.

切捨御免(きりすてごめん)とともに武士(ぶし)に許(ゆる)された特権(とっけん)が名字帯刀(みょうじたいとう)である。

The privilege granted to samurai along with the right to kill in self-defense was the right to bear a surname and to wear a sword.

名字帯刀(みょうじたいとう)の資格(しかく)には永代許可(えいたいきょか)や一代限(いちだいかぎ)りといった種類(しゅるい)がありました。

There were types of the right to bear a surname and to wear a sword (during the Edo period), such as permanent permission and limited to one generation.

江戸時代(えどじだい)の後(あと)は家柄(いえがら)や功労(こうろう)によって庶民(しょみん)にも名字帯刀(みょうじたいとう)が許(ゆる)されたとか。

It is said that after the Edo period, the right to bear a surname and to wear a sword was granted to commoners based on family background and merit.