や否や (JLPT N1)

À propos de や否や

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Japonais

や否(いな)や, like か否(いな)か, is a grammar pattern that makes use of 否(いな) 'no', an interjection. However, unlike the pairing with the adverbial particle か 'or' when stating 'whether or not (A)', the pairing of 否(いな) with や in its role as a conjunction particle has the meaning of 'as soon as (A)', or 'no sooner than (A)'. Remembering that や simply highlights the word before it is not being limited to that, the literal meaning of や否(いな)や is 'at a point when neither (A) or not (A) could be determined, (B)'.

や否(いな)や will be used after verbs in their dictionary form.

や否(いな)や is a formal expression that will generally be used when (B) is something that happens spontaneously, or is surprising.

Caution

As や itself carries the 'not limited to' meaning, it is also possible to see this structure with the 否(いな)や part omitted. In these situations, the meaning will not change at all. や in this case behaves similarly to か when presenting a question in the middle of a sentence, and sounds like 'when not certain that (A), (B)'.

Exemples

--:--

教室(きょうしつ)に着(つ)くや否(いな)やランドセルを机(つくえ)に置(お)いた。

I put my backpack on the desk as soon as I arrived at the classroom.

１２(じゅうに)時(じ)を回(まわ)るや否(いな)やすぐに誕生日(たんじょうび)のメッセージを送(おく)ってくれたのは、お母(かあ)さんだった。

The person who sent me a birthday message the minute it came around to midnight was my mother.

小説(しょうせつ)：「彼(かれ)があくびをするや否(いな)や彼女(かのじょ)もあくびが出(で)てしまった。」

Novel: 'As soon as he has yawned, the girl also yawned.'

記事(きじ)：「警察官(けいさつかん)に気(き)が付(つ)くや否(いな)や急(きゅう)に走(はし)り出(だ)した。」

Article: 'As soon as he noticed the policeman, he suddenly started to run.'

小説(しょうせつ)：「焼(や)き立(た)てのパンが皿(さら)に出(で)てくるや否(いな)やすぐに彼(かれ)の口(くち)の中(なか)に消(き)えた。」

Novel: 'As soon as the freshly baked bread appeared on the plate, it immediately disappeared in his mouth.'

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