使い方・接続
Noun + (Particle)+ すら(も)
詳細
使用域
Formal
使用域
硬い
「すら」の情報
すら is an adverbial particle in Japanese that basically translates as 'even'. The primary difference between it and も is that すら tends to present far more extreme examples to which a specific rule applies, and therefore also applies to all other less extreme examples. In most cases すら will be used with a negative nuance.
As すら is an adverbial particle, it will be seen directly after nouns, or nouns followed by case-marking particles.
(A) は - (A) is as expected, and there is nothing surprising about it.
(A) も - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but may or may not be surprising.
(A) さえ - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but is quite surprising when examined individually.
(A) すら - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but is the most extreme example possible, thus implying that anything below that level also applies.
As すら is an adverbial particle, it will be seen directly after nouns, or nouns followed by case-marking particles.
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鉛筆すら持ってきてないの?本当にやる気あるの?You didn't even bring a pencil? Do you actually want to do this?
- 子供ですらできることをできないのか。お前よくここまで生きてこれたな。You can't do what even a child can do. How have you managed to live this long?
- 彼にすら話してないのに、親と話すわけがない。I haven't even talked to my boyfriend about it, there is no way I'm telling my parents.
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ガラケーすらも使えないのに、パソコンが使えるわけないじゃん。I can't even use a flip phone, there is no way I can use a computer.
Caution
すら and さえ are relatively similar in terms of strength. However, すら is more formal and cannot be used in the さえ~ば construction. すら also tends to be the most extreme example from within a large group, while さえ places more emphasis on a specific individual.
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そこさえ乗り越えれば、あとは楽になるよ。If you can overcome that, everything will be a breeze.
- そんなことさえ乗り越えることができないのなら、この先何もできませんよ。If you can't even overcome something so simple, you won't be able to do anything beyond this point.
Fun Fact
は, も, さえ, and すら are all adverbial particles that share a linear relationship in regards to the way that they are used. This relationship refers to the intensity of how (A) fits into a group. This can be imagined as follows.(A) は - (A) is as expected, and there is nothing surprising about it.
(A) も - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but may or may not be surprising.
(A) さえ - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but is quite surprising when examined individually.
(A) すら - (A) also fits the category of the main topic (は), but is the most extreme example possible, thus implying that anything below that level also applies.
例文
記事:「カラスは道具を使用する能力を示したことすらあります。」
Article: 'Crows have even demonstrated the ability to use tools.'
南極大陸では夏ですら気温が0度以下である。
In Antarctica, temperatures are below zero even in summer.
The particle used with すら depends on the verb. ですら is generally used where one would expect a が or an を particle.
マンガの迷った主人公:「何日たったのかすら...」
A lost manga protagonist: 'I don't even (know) how many days have passed…'
すら can be used after か in embedded questions.
ノベル、語り手:「負傷により、走るどころかベッドから立ち上がることすらもできない。」
A novel, narrator: 'Due to her injuries, let alone running, she can't even stand up out of bed.'
すらも even further empahsizes すら.
ノベル、語り手:「友達どころか家族にすら説明せずに旅に出た。」
A novel, narrator: 'Without even explaining to his family, let alone friends he embarked on a journey.'
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オンライン
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