使い方・接続
真(っ) + [い]Adjective[い]
真(っ) + Noun
真ん + ま(*)・な(*):
真ん中、真ん前、真ん丸
真っ + か(*)・さ(*)・しゃ(*):
真っ黄色、真っ白、真っ先、真っ正直
真っ + は(*)(**):
真っ平、真っ裸
Exceptions:
青い → 真っ青
赤い → 真っ赤
(*) column in the kana chart
(**) H sound becomes P sound
詳細
使用域
一般
「真(っ)」の情報
The prefix ま, coming from the kanji 真 (true), is attached to words in Japanese to express that something is 'completely', 'exactly', 'genuinely' (A). Depending on the word that follows 真, several different conjugation patterns will be used. This conjugation depends on which column the first kana of the word after 真comes from. ま comes from the ま, み, む, め, も column, for example.
When linked with a ま column, or な column word, 真 will become 真ん.
When linked with a か column, さ column, or しゃ sound word, 真 will become 真っ.
When linked with a は column, 真 will become 真っ, and the first kana of the following word will change to a 'P' sound.
Caution
There are several exceptions to the standard changes that happen when using 真 as a prefix. These are as follows.
When linked with 青い, 真 will become 真っ, and 青い will become 青.
When linked with 赤い, 真 will become 真っ, and 赤い will become 赤.
例文
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道の真ん中に鹿がいた。
There was a deer right in the middle of the road.
真ん丸の円を描ける人がいますか。
Is there anyone who can draw an exact circle? (perfectly circular)
この道路を真っ直ぐ行ってください。
Please go (exactly) straight down this street.
彼は竹を刀で真っ二つに切った。
He cut the bamboo right in two with a sword.
急に立ったから、目の前 が真っ暗になってしまった。
Because I stood up suddenly, everything went completely black.
自作の例文
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オンライン
(Colloquial) 真逆: Just focus on 真
MaggieSensei
オフライン
Tobira
Page 144
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「真(っ)」に関する文法ディスカッション
最近の返信 (合計13件)
Pushindawood
Completely
exactly
rightStructure
- 真(っ) + いAdj[stem] or Noun
Prefix used to emphasize notable level of something. Literally “real/genuine/true”.
If 真 precedes word starting with a ま/な groups syllable(ま group: ま、み、む、め、もetc) it becomes 真ん: 真ん中、真ん前、真ん丸/真ん円.
If it precedes words starting with か/さ/しゃ groups syllable, it becomes: 真っ: 真っ黄(まっき in 真っ黄色),真っ白、真っ先, 真っ正直.
If it precedes words starting with は group syllable it becomes 真っ and syllable becomes ぱ group syllable: 真っ平,真っ裸Exceptions: 青(あおい) - まっ青(さお)、赤(あかい)- まっ赤(か)
View on Bunpro
meadowdrone
When I reveal the grammar point during reviews, it looks like this:
Personally find this really hard to parse! It’s fine on the grammar point page, with the clickable kanji for furigana, but I’ve found myself staring at this trying to decode it…
Could it be improved? At least changed to reflect the grammar point page?
Like so:
Pushindawood
@meadowdrone Thank you for drawing this to our attention! I have updated the furigana for this grammar point to make it easier to parse. Cheers!
meadowdrone
That was fast! I was doing my reviews again when this came back up and just noticed it had changed. Very much appreciated
Rosemary
I was wondering - both exceptions start with a vowel. What the rule for other adjectives starting with vowels? Or are they all different?
mrnoone
Hey, long time no see on forums
Other than the mentioned exceptions (notice that 真っ青 and 真っ赤 are color words), the rest is rather regular.
真新しい - またらしい
真一文字 - まいちもじJust remember that not all adjectives are used with 真, though it should be always understandable.
I hope it helps,
CheersRosemary
Yeah, I’m more of a lurker… I mean everything is really clear!
Ah - I didn’t do all the reading I can see. Just adding ま to the start of adjectives beginning with vowels is clear. I hadn’t picked up that you shouldn’t use it with all adjectives. I will go back to the suggested reading again
mrnoone
That is super cool, we are really glad
The best way is to use the ones you have heard/seen/read.
But still, it shou...
Yryrdz
I thought I understood this point, but I am very confused as to why in the example with 二つ the reading changes to ぷたつ。I hope it’s okay to bump this topic.
nekoyama
It’s because of this:
The は row is は, ひ, ふ, へ, ほ.
Yryrdz
OH, I feel foolish. Thank you greatly.
Isurandil492
道が雪で真っ白になた
Shouldn’t it be なった? (No, couldn’t send a bug report, because I already sent one for the same grammar point ^^)
Sidgr
There’s a subtle yet important grammatical nuance that often leads to confusion, particularly when paired with なる:
- 真っ黒になる
- 真っ黒くなる.
At first glance the second seems reasonable, but why it is incorrect isn’t immediately obvious. The key lies in understanding how this emphasizer interacts not with い形容詞 (i-adjectives) but with 名詞 (nouns).
To illustrate, consider the words 赤 (red, a noun) and 赤い (red, an adjective) in Japanese. They are distinct entities. Following this logic, when we use 真っ (utterly/completely) as a modifier, it aligns with the noun form. Therefore, the correct structure is 真っ + 名詞, which leads to the use of になる, as in the pattern 名詞 + になる.
So, in the case of 真っ黒 (pitch black), which is a noun phrase, the grammatically correct expression is 真っ黒になる, not 真っ黒くなる.
Enerccio
Why is this considered a grammar point? With how many exceptions and weird changes like まっさお 真っ青 you might just as well learn those as separate vocabulary words…
「真(っ)」について質問がありますか? 話し合ったり、質問をしてみんなで学びましょう!
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