Structure
Noun + なしで(は)
Phrase + なしだ
Noun + なし + の + Noun
Détails
Niveau de langue
Formal
À propos de なし
Although it is used almost exclusively as a suffix, なし is actually a noun that means ないこと 'thing without'. なし, or 無し when using kanji, will be used after nouns that it is indicating as 'not having (A)'.
Depending on what the speaker wants to convey, なし is often partnered with the auxiliary verb だ, or its conjunctive form で. なしで will mean '(A) that is without (B)'. When connected directly to another noun, の will be required after なし. Again, this will mean '(A) that is without (B)'.
なし does not always need to be connected directly to another noun. Often, it can be used in reference to an event or thing that someone wants to skip, or avoid. In cases like this, it may be paired with the case marking particle に, to show determination to avoid something.
Caution
無し is quite different to 抜き, another suffix-like structure that is used to convey 'without (A)'. The primary difference is in the original meanings of these words. Having a relationship with ない, なし simply means 'without'. 抜き comes from the う - Verb 抜く 'to remove'. Due to this, 抜き implies the intentional removal of something. Often 抜き and 無し are interchangeable, but not always.
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Exemples
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ことわざ:「死人に口無しだ。」
Proverb: 'Dead men tell no tales.' (Literally - Without a mouth)
告白:「あなた無しで生きていけない。」
Confession of love: 'I cannot live without you.'
商品ラベル:「砂糖無しのダイエットドリンク」
Product label: 'Diet drink without sugar'
エッセイ:「今では現生人類はスマホ無しでは生活できないだろう。」
Essay: 'Nowadays, modern humans probably cannot live without smartphones.'
テスト飛行は文句無しの成功でした。
The test flight was an undisputed success. (without)
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なし – Discussion Grammaire
Réponses les plus récentes (6 au total)
Aythreuk
Pushindawood
@Aythreuk Hey! You are right. It looks like the “formal tags” are not showing up during reviews. You should be seeing “硬” on the grammar point’s main page which indicates that the grammar point is formal. We will update reviews so that they also display the correct tags. Cheers!
Aythreuk
I’m a little embarrassed that I didn’t know that about that kanji. Wanikani only taught it to me as meaning ‘stiff’, but with a little hindsight it’s an easy connection to make.
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