Struktur
Examples:
［る1］Verb ￫ 見る + させる
［る5］Verb ￫ 座る + らせる
［う］Verb ￫ 歌う + わせる
［く］Verb ￫ 歩く + かせる
［す］Verb ￫ 話す + させる
［つ］Verb ￫ 打つ + たせる
［ぬ］Verb ￫ 死ぬ + なせる
［ぶ］Verb ￫ 飛ぶ + ばせる
［む］Verb ￫ 休む + ませる
［ぐ］Verb ￫ 泳ぐ + がせる
Exceptions:
する→させる
くる→ こさせる
Rincian
Standard
Tentang Verb［せる・させる］
In order to express that someone was 'made to do', or 'let do' something, the auxiliary verbs せる and させる will be used. The meaning that せる and させる will convey (when attached to a verb) is called 使役 (causative, employment, or using) in Japanese.
A common misconception is that せる and させる are standard conjugations of each verb. However, these auxiliary verbs should be thought of as having their own meaning, in a similar way to how たい, ない, だ, です, and other auxiliaries each have their own meanings.
In order to use these grammar structures, remove the る from る-Verbs, and then add させる. For う-Verbs, change the last kana to the あ sound kana from within the same column (except for う, which becomes わ), and then add せる (る becomes ら, む becomes ま, く becomes か, etc.).
As usual, する and 来る have special conjugation rules. する will be replaced completely by させる (in a similar way to how できる completely replaces する in the 'potential' form). 来る will become 来させる.
Caution
With causative, either に, or を can mark the doer of the action that せる, or させる is linked to (not が). This is because the actual 'doer' of the action is considered to be the person that is making/letting someone perform that action. に will usually imply that someone was 'let' do something, while を implies 'make'.
Fun Fact
Because the actual 'doer' in causative verb sentences will be marked with が (as is always the case), the literal translation of せる and させる is closer to the following:
(A) が (B) に楽しませる - For (A) to cause fun 'in' (B).
(A) が (B) を楽しませる - For (A) to cause fun 'through' (B).
It is these standard meanings of the particles に (a location) and を (a target) that will create the 'let', or 'make' nuance when using せる, or させる.
Terkait
Contoh
--:--
お兄ちゃんが妹を泣かせた。
My older brother made my younger sister cry.
学校に行きたくない子を行かせる。
(Someone) makes the kid who doesn't want to go to school go.
友達を朝４時に起こして、帰らせた。
I woke my friend up at four in the morning and made him go home.
私は生徒に勉強することを楽しませます。
I make/let students enjoy studying.
友達を無理やりお化け屋敷に行かせたから、怒られた。
I was yelled at because I insistently made my friend go to a haunted house.
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Verb［せる・させる］ – Diskusi Tata Bahasa
Balasan Terbaru (total 16)
mooshmellow
Hiya! I know it’s been covered on here a bit but I am still confused…
For the sentence 赤ちゃんはまだ自分で食べることが出来ないから、食べさせなきゃいけない.
I really don’t understand were the なきゃいけない is coming from? I can’t see it in the grammar point information. Is it covered before hand in the N4 grammar? I get it is the colloquial form but I am not seeing where that’s been covered before?
I’d really appreciate a breakdown of that little chunk of grammar cause I am stumped! Thank you <3
Fuga
Hey @mooshmellow !
なきゃ is the abbreviated form of なければ! If you would like to learn more about this abbreviation, we have a entry for it right here!
I hope this helps!
mooshmellow
Ah! That is really helpful, I must have missed that when I moved over to Bunpro for N4! Thank you!