文法の説明

N4 レッスン 7: 14/18

御座(ござ)います

To be, To exist (Polite)

使い方・接続

ある ￫ ござる

詳細

  • 使用域

    Polite

  • 使用域

    敬語

「ございます」の情報

ございます is a combination of the (special-class) verb, ござる (御座(ござ)る in its kanji form), and the auxiliary verb ます. It is considered polite speech, and is directly equivalent to ある (or いる).
  • ありがとうございます。
    Thank you very much.
  • 質問(しつもん)はございますか。
    Do you have any questions?
ござる itself is almost never used in daily conversation in modern Japanese, due to the preference of the polite form, ございます. However, ござる is regularly used in dramas, manga, and other forms of media (especially historical dramas).
  • ここは私(わたし)の家(いえ)でござる。
    This is my humble abode.
Fun Fact
御座(ござ)る literally means 'to be', and it does not matter whether the object that is being described is animate (would usually use いる), or inanimate (would usually use ある). However, いらっしゃる 'to be' is preferred when referring to other people, as honorific language is more respectful than polite speech. Due to this, ございます will often be used in reference to people, in place of であります (the polite form of である).
  • 私(わたし)が担当者(たんとうしゃ)でございます。
    I am the representative.
  • タナカ様(さま)でございますか？
    Are you Mr. Tanaka?
  • タナカ様(さま)でいらっしゃいますか。
    Are you Mr. Tanaka?
Notice that で is used in these examples. でございます itself is considered its own grammatical structure, that we will examine in a separate grammar point.

例文

  • ありがとうございます。

    Thank you very much.

  • 布団(ふとん)はあそこの部屋(へや)にございます。

    Your futon is in that room over there.

  • すみません。青色(あおいろ)の椅子(いす)はございません。

    I am sorry. We don't have any blue chairs.

  • おはようございます。

    Good morning. (Polite greeting)

  • お水(みず)がございます。

    There is water.

  • ご登録いただくと、より多くの例文にアクセスできます。

    登録すると他の例文が見れるようになります！

自作の例文

自分なりの勉強をする！

文章を追加し、Bunproの文章と一緒に勉強する。

  • オンライン

  • オフライン

    • Genki II 2nd Edition

      Page 188

    • Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide

      Page 226

    • Genki II 1st Edition

      Page 158

  • リソースを追跡する！

    Bunproでは、あなたがアクセスしたすべてのリソースを追跡し、オフラインでの追跡に役立つ教科書のブックマークを提供します。

「ございます」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計10件)

  • Adarain

    Adarain

    Is “humble” actually the correct descriptor here? My understanding is that “humble” is usually used to refer to keigo verbs that indicate an action done by the in-group (e.g. you or your company) in order to downplay your own importance. Verbs like 参る (humble form of 行く、来る) or おる (humble form of いる). On the other hand, ございます is a neutral polite verb that is used without regards for whether the referent is related to the in-group or out-group (and usually is neither anyway because ございます, like its non-keigo counterpart ある refers to inanimate subjects).

  • onechad

    onechad

    I came in here to see if this very question had been asked. Even the Tae Kim article linked under Readings says this:

    It is neither honorific nor humble but it is a step above 「ある」 in politeness.

  • suppeppo

    suppeppo

    Okay, so I think I have an answer regarding this whole ござる situation (even if this answer might be a bit late lol). This will basically have to be small dive into humble language as a whole so here goes.

    Basically, the ‘humble’ language 謙譲語 has two parts; one is for describing actions you do that in some way or another involve the person you are doing something to/for, and the other is for when you are only describing your own actions, but want to be extra polite in your speaking.

    The first form, which is what most people probably think about when you say 謙譲語 is 謙譲語１, which includes the お～する pattern as well as some specific verbs. The second form, which can be called either 謙譲語２ (or 丁重語) only contains a handful of verbs.

    The verbs which belong to 謙譲語２ are: 致す, 申す, 参る, おる, ござる, and 存じる.

    Now, just as 尊敬語 can be used in plain form if you’re close to the person you’re talking to, e.g. 「今日、先生、いっらしゃる？」 this also applies to 謙譲語１, but not

「ございます」について質問がありますか？ 話し合ったり、質問をしてみんなで学びましょう！

ディスカッションに参加する