文法の説明

N4 レッスン 7: 13/18

いらっしゃるTo be (Honorific), To come (Honorific), To go (Honorific)

Remember not to use honorific language when speaking about yourself and your actions!

使い方・接続

いる・くる・いく → いらっしゃる
Verb[ている]Verb[て]+ いらっしゃる

Conjugations
Verb[る]いらっしゃる
Verb[ない]いらっしゃらない
Verb[た]いらっしゃった
Verb[なかった] → いらっしゃらなかった

詳細

  • 使用域

    敬語

「いらっしゃる」の情報

いらっしゃる is another of the common honorific language expressions in Japanese. This means that it elevates the status of another person, in order to pay them respect. It will never be used when referring to the speaker themselves, or their own actions.

いらっしゃる can be used to replace () 'to be', () 'to come', or ()く 'to go'. This is due to the unique perspective that honorific language places the speaker in, in relation to the person that is being respected. This is a slightly advanced concept that we will discuss more later.

To use いらっしゃる, simply replace いる, くる, or いく with いらっしゃる.

Alternatively, いらっしゃる may also be used to replace いる, くる, or いく when they are attached to the て-form of another verb.

Fun Fact

おいでになる is another expression which can replace いる, くる, or いく. This was briefly examined previously in our お~になる grammar point. おいでになる and いらっしゃる are almost completely interchangable.

例文

--:--

    ()からない(ひと)いらっしゃいます

    Is there anyone who doesn't understand?

    (きゃく)さんいらっしゃいました

    A customer came.

    いらっしゃい(ませ)!

    Welcome!

    (さき)いらっしゃったんですが

    He was here, but...

    鈴木(すずき)(さま)もういらっしゃらないです

    Is Suzuki-sama no longer here?

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        • Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar

          Page 36

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        • みんなの日本語 II

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      「いらっしゃる」に関する文法ディスカッション

      最近の返信 (合計18件)

      • Pushindawood

        Pushindawood

        to be (honorific)
        to come (honorific)
        to go (honorific)

        Structure

        • いる・くる ・いく→ いらっしゃる
        • ている → て いらっしゃる

        Remember not to use honorific language when speaking about yourself and your actions!

        [いらっしゃる can be combined with で to indicate a state of being (元気でいらっしゃる)]

        [おいでになる is another word used to express いく・くる・いる in honorific speech and is synonymous with いらっしゃる]
        [お見えになる can be also used in this case, but only meansくる]

        View on Bunpro

      • eran

        eran

        For 田中さんは今本を よんでいらっしゃる 。[読よむ]
        Why is よんでいらっしゃいます not a good answer also? Isn’t it more honorific?

      • Pushindawood

        Pushindawood

        Hey! Are you sure that you typed your answer correctly? Both よんでいらっしゃる and よんでいらっしゃいます are acceptable answers for this review question. Cheers!

      • garlicdog

        garlicdog

        For [ 鈴様はもういらっしゃらないですか] I can’t use [いらっしゃいません], it only accepts the short form [いらっしゃらない], why?

      • mrnoone

        mrnoone

        Hey
        Similar to になる case, you only have to express politeness at the end of the sentence, since です is already there (and です expresses politeness) then you just should use いらっしゃらない form since いらっしゃいません is polite and you would use two polite forms one after another.

        If there wasn’t です there you could use いらっしゃいません。

        So acceptable phrases:

        鈴木様はもういらっしゃらないですか。

        鈴木様はもういらっしゃいませんか。

        I have bolded the parts responsible for politeness

        I hope it helps,
        Cheers!

      • garlicdog

        garlicdog

        Thanks for the reply (and another one in another thread). This really cleared up some confusion for me, somehow it never occured to me that I should only mark politeness at the end and I was always trying to match the conjugations with the rest of the sentence. Thank you again!

      • Rafal

        Rafal

        I don’ quite understand why I cannot say:
        田中さんは今本をお読みになっています

        They are supposed to be both honorific way of describing a continuous action, so what’s the difference?

      • mrnoone

        mrnoone

        @Rafal
        Hey and welcome on the community forums and sorry for the slow answer

        Yes, you are right, it is 100% correct!

        As a matter of fact, it was on the list of the correct answers, but by mistake, I have added “。” to it so you had to write " お読みになっています。" instead of simply “お読みになっています”.

        Thanks to you we were able to fix the bug! Thank you!
        Sorry for the inconvenience!

      • flowsnake

        flowsnake

        Why is this right

        先(さき)に いらっしゃった んですが。

        but this wrong with the polite past tense version of the same thing?

        先(さき)に いらっしゃいました んですが。

        Is it because of the んですが?

      • mrnoone

        mrnoone

        @flowsnake
        You are right!

        It is because the politeness is usually marked only at the end of the sentence (with some exceptions like before が (but/and), けれども(but), and in some cases から、ので, trying to please senpai, client by putting politeness anywhere you can despite the grammar, etc).

        So if んですが is already at the end of the sentence, then you don’t have to make いらっしゃる polite.
        We have put a sentence like this on purpose, to show that honorific verbs themselves do not have to be necessarily used in polite form.

        I hope it helps,
        Cheers

      • sergiop

        sergiop

        Many questions regarding this point, すみません、よろしく御願いします。

      • ljoekelsoey

        ljoekelsoey

        You cant combine なさる and いらっしゃる。You cant say していらっしゃる .

        The correct answer should be something like 今は何を勉強なさっていますか。When using て form of keigo, it is perfectly OK to use います after it. There are exceptions, but usually limited to highly formal situations, いたしております for example.

      • msbrown

        msbrown

        Why is いらっしゃった not accepted for this sentence?

        お客さんがいらっしゃいました

      • yon1337

        yon1337

        Hi!

        I have a question regarding the example below

        日本語を教えていらっしゃると聞きました

        Why is いらっしゃる correct here?

        The verb 教える is not 居る, 来る or 行く, so how come it fits in this sentence?

        The bunpro explanation doesn’t mention any exceptional use of this grammatical structure.

        Looking forward to any replies.

        Cheers!

      • nekoyama

        nekoyama

        It’s not just 教える but 教えている.

      • yon1337

        yon1337

        Ah, that makes perfect sense now.

        Thanks!

      • steffuld

        steffuld

        Hi! Is this the word used in 行ってらっしゃい? If so, what verb does it replace? Is it 来る, meaning imperative “(you) go and come back”? Or is it いる, meaning something like “be gone (respectfully)”?
        Given that we have 行って来ます with 来ます in it, the former seems more likely, but I am still curious

      • Fuga

        Fuga

        Hey @steffuld !

        Yes this is the word used in いってらっしゃい! This word is the combination of 行く in the て-form, and いらっしゃる in its imperative form! Although いらっしゃい is the imperative form and the meaning is close to ‘come’, it has a more welcoming nuance compared to the imperative form of 来る (来い). So a direct translation of いってらっしゃい would be ‘Go and come back home (we will welcome you home)’.

        I hope this answers your question!

      • steffuld

        steffuld

        It does! Thank you so much for the explanation!

      「いらっしゃる」について質問がありますか? 話し合ったり、質問をしてみんなで学びましょう!

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