がある + Noun (日本語能力試験 N5)

「がある + Noun」の情報

In this expression, がある has the role of describing the noun that follows it. The description that it is giving is '(A) がある (B)' = '(B) has/with (A)'. This type of phrase is called a relative clause (something that describes a noun), and behaves similarly to an adjective.

ピアノがあるレストラン。
A restaurant with a piano.
コンビニがあるビル。
A building that has a convenience store.

In English, a relative clause would require a pronoun such as 'who' 誰(だれ), 'which' どれ, 'that' それ・あれ, 'where' どこ. However, these types of words are not required in Japanese, and the noun will follow がある directly.

Caution

In a relative clause, because (A) is describing (B), (B) will be considered the 'main topic/subject'. This means that は will generally not be used in place of が. However, の can be used instead of が, as showing a relationship between (A) and (B) is one of the main functions of の.

漫画(まんが)はある本屋(ほんや)。
A book store that... well... it has manga. (Unnatural Japanese, unless you're making the point that there is something else that this bookstore doesn't have. This is an advanced use of は)
綺麗(きれい)な川(かわ)のある山(やま)。
A mountain with a beautiful river. (Natural Japanese, but less common than が)

例文

--:--

ベッドがある部屋(へや)。

A room that has a bed.

たくさん休(やす)みがある５(ご)月(がつ)が好(す)き。

I like the month of May with its many holidays.

綺麗(きれい)な池(いけ)がある公園(こうえん)。

A park with a beautiful pond.

家(いえ)がある人(ひと)。

People who have a house.

冷蔵庫(れいぞうこ)がある台所(だいどころ)。

A kitchen with a refrigerator.

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オンライン
- Grammar: Qualifying/Modifying Nouns
  NihonOnTheGo
- Treating verbs and state-of-being like adjectives
  Tae Kim

オフライン
- [DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
  Page 376 - Relative Clause
- Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
  Page 63
- みんなの日本語 I
  Page 62 [CH 9]
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「がある + Noun」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計22件)

machinaeZER0
Is the がある here “the same” as がある/がいる (to be/there is)? And if so, is there ever an instance where がいる would be used in a similar manner? (Hopefully this question makes sense - I know がある is for non-living things and がいる is for living ones, but that may only be relevant when not used in this type of clause (and/or I haven’t gotten to the がいる version yet).

Thanks!
casual
Yes, it’s the same がある, just used as a relative clause modifying a noun. And yes, you can also use がいる in a relative clause in the same way. Or pretty much any other verb.

For example, from 安達としまむら (https://learnnatively.com/book/d55ed32253/):

遠ざかっていく日野たちのいる橋の方を一瞥してから、しまむらが笑った。

Shimamura glanced in the direction of the bridge where Hino and her friend were riding away, and laughed.

Here 日野たち are people, and so we see のいる＝がいる being used to describe the bridge in question.
machinaeZER0
Thank you, this is super helpful!