だに + しない (日本語能力試験 N1)

「だに + しない」の情報

だに is an adverbial particle that shares a similar meaning to さえ and すら 'even', but is more commonly found in classical literature. It will be paired with negative structures and presents 'minimum' or 'light' examples to which (A) does not apply, and therefore obviously also does not apply to anything greater than (A). It will be translated as 'not even (A), so not (B)', or 'not (B) at all'.
だに will be seen following nouns or noun-phrases.

アメリカでこんな大(おお)きい地震(じしん)が来(く)るとは誰(だれ)も予想(よそう)だにしなかった。
No one could have expected such a big earthquake to happen in the United States.
彼(かれ)が彼女(かのじょ)と別(わか)れるなんて想像(そうぞう)だにしなかったよ。
I would have never imagined he would leave her.
まさかこの年(とし)になって子供(ことど)を授(さず)かるなんて思(おも)いだにしていなかった。
I would have never thought I would have a child at this age.

Although だに often appears when the (B) part of a sentence is negative, だに itself is not limited to being used this way. When following verbs, and the (B) phrase is not negative, だに simply means 'just'. It is best to keep this in mind, as the core meaning of this adverbial particle will always be to mark the word or phrase before it as an extremely small amount or lower limit.

Caution

だに is only used in a very limited set of expressions in modern Japanese. Some example of these are 夢(ゆめ)にだに 'even in a dream', 想像(そうぞう)するだに 'even in my imagination', 考(かんが)えるだに 'even to consider', 聞(き)くだに 'even hearing', 微動(びどう)だに 'even a quiver'.

例文

小説(しょうせつ)：たかぎさん「にしかたさんのことが大好(だいす)きよ。」
たかぎの口(くち)からは想像(そうぞう)だにしていなかった言葉(ことば)がいきなり飛(と)び出(だ)してきた。
Novel, Takagi-san: 'I love you, Nishikata-san.'
The words I never could have imagined suddenly came out of Takagi's mouth.
アニメのプロローグ、語(かた)り手(て)「あのとき、俺(おれ)はあんな悲劇(ひげき)が待(ま)ち受(う)けていたなんて、夢(ゆめ)にだに思(おも)わなかった。」
Anime prologue, narrator: 'Back then, I couldn't have even dreamed that such a tragedy lay ahead.'
Often used as A + なんて, など, とは + 夢にだに思わない pattern. Expressions like まさか can be added for additional emphasis. にだに seems to be more common.
小説(しょうせつ)：「彼女(かのじょ)はソファーに座(すわ)ったままで、まるで本物(ほんもの)の人形(にんぎょう)のように微動(びどう)だにしない。」
Novel: 'She remained seated on the sofa, just like a doll, not even moving an inch.'
This is often used together with じっと and まま. Unlike other expressions, it is fairly common.
記事(きじ)：「ビットコインがこれほどになるとは２００９年(ねん)始(はじ)めには誰(だれ)も予想(よそう)だにしなかった。」
Article: 'No one could have even predicted in early 2009 that bitcoin would come this far.'
小説(しょうせつ)：「彼(かれ)が心(こころ)の中(なか)にこんな暗闇(くらやみ)を抱(かか)えていたなど、勇者(ゆうしゃ)は夢想(むそう)だにしなかった。」
Novel: 'The hero couldn't have even dreamed that he was carrying such darkness in his heart.'
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