Infos sur Grammaire

N4 Leçon 2: 4/17

までにBy ~, By the time that ~, Before ~

Structure

Verb + まで
Noun + まで

Détails

  • Niveau de langue

    Standard

  • Kanji rare

À propos de までに

までに is a combination of two different types of particles. The adverbial particle まで, and the case marking particle . までに is very similar to まで when it means 'until'. However, there is one very important distinction. This distinction is that までに means 'by', not 'until'.

To use までに, we will need to attach it to the end of a noun, or verb in the non-past form.

To understand the difference between まで, and までに, we need to remember that usually marks a 'target', or a 'destination' for where something will happen. In this case, まで is the 'target' that is marking. This is due to the fact that まで means 'as far as' (まで is sometimes written using kanji (まで), especially in older/formal texts, and newspapers).

In this way, までに more literally means '(A) as far as ( marks the target), (B).

Fun Fact

Originally, まで meant 'as far as' in regard to the passing of a particular event. However, in modern Japanese, most people will assume that the speaker means 'by the beginning of (A)'. Due to this, sentences that have a very broad event, such as (なつ)までに could actually be interpreted as 'by the start of summer', or 'before the end of summer', depending on who you are talking to. In these cases, it would be better to add a more specific time frame.



Exemples

--:--

    明日(あした)までに電話(でんわ)ください。

    Please call by tomorrow.

    (ひる)までに()きます。

    I will arrive by noon.

    10(じゅう)()までに(かえ)てきてください

    Could you please come back home by 10?

    来週(らいしゅう)までに()わります。

    I will be done by next week.

    (はち)()までに学校(がっこう)つかなくてはいけない

    I have to arrive at school by 8 o'clock.

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      までに – Discussion Grammaire

      Réponses les plus récentes (12 au total)

      • pokedots

        pokedots

      • mrnoone

        mrnoone

        @pokedots

        まで, when used with location means “to” or “as far as”.
        If we translate the sentence more literary, “If I go with my friends to the city to have some fun, I think that it will be impossible for me to be back by ten.”

        Another example:
        私はバスで京都まで行った。
        I went to Kyoto by bus.

        I hope it helps,
        Cheers!

      • pokedots

        pokedots

        Thank you! I didn’t think about the まで as referring to the 行いったら

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