Structure
Verb + までに
Noun + までに
Détails
Niveau de langue
Standard
Kanji rare
迄
À propos de までに
までに is a combination of two different types of particles. The adverbial particle まで, and the case marking particle に. までに is very similar to まで when it means 'until'. However, there is one very important distinction. This distinction is that までに means 'by', not 'until'.
To use までに, we will need to attach it to the end of a noun, or verb in the non-past form.
To understand the difference between まで, and までに, we need to remember that に usually marks a 'target', or a 'destination' for where something will happen. In this case, まで is the 'target' that に is marking. This is due to the fact that まで means 'as far as' (まで is sometimes written using kanji 迄, especially in older/formal texts, and newspapers).
In this way, までに more literally means '(A) as far as (に marks the target), (B).
Fun Fact
Originally, まで meant 'as far as' in regard to the passing of a particular event. However, in modern Japanese, most people will assume that the speaker means 'by the beginning of (A)'. Due to this, sentences that have a very broad event, such as 夏までに could actually be interpreted as 'by the start of summer', or 'before the end of summer', depending on who you are talking to. In these cases, it would be better to add a more specific time frame.
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Exemples
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明日までに電話をください。
Please call by tomorrow.
お昼までには着きます。
I will arrive by noon.
10時までに帰ってきてください。
Could you please come back home by 10?
来週までには終わります。
I will be done by next week.
8時までに学校につかなくてはいけない。
I have to arrive at school by 8 o'clock.
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までに – Discussion Grammaire
Réponses les plus récentes (12 au total)
pokedots
mrnoone
@pokedots
まで, when used with location means “to” or “as far as”.
If we translate the sentence more literary, “If I go with my friends to the city to have some fun, I think that it will be impossible for me to be back by ten.”Another example:
私はバスで京都まで行った。
I went to Kyoto by bus.I hope it helps,
Cheers!pokedots
Thank you! I didn’t think about the まで as referring to the 行いったら
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