に基(もと)づいてBased on, In accordance with

These phrases both mean 'based on' and can overlap, but differ slightly. にもとづいて is more formal and tends to show a concrete or logical foundation for an action or product. をもとに is less formal (but still used in formal contexts) and can indicate a general basis or inspiration where にもとづいて may not fit.

によると・によれば reports second-hand information, e.g. 新聞によると事件があったそうです ('According to the newspaper, there was an incident.') にもとづいて indicates that an action is grounded in something like rules or facts, e.g. 法律にもとづいて判断する ('Make a decision based on the law.')

While both patterns can be translated into English as 'based on', they have very different meanings. からして means 'based on (A), (B)', and expresses the logical basis for the speaker's judgment or opinion. For example, 匂いからして美味しそう = 'From the smell, it seems tasty.' In contrast, にもとづいて expresses the foundation or basis for another action. For example: 経験に基づいて判断する = 'Make a decision based on experience.'

Both express a general sense of basing an action on something, but their specific nuances differ. に合わせて・に合った conveys adapting or matching to something. For example: 季節に合わせて洋服を選ぶ = 'Choose clothes based on the season.' In contrast, にもとづいて typically expresses the grounding or foundation for some action. For example, 経験にもとづいて判断する = 'Make a decision based on experience.'

Both are formal expressions meaning 'in accordance with (A)', but differ in usage. にもとづいて shows the foundation for an action, e.g. 法律にもとづいて判断する 'make a decision based on the law.' にしたがって can overlap, but often shows related change, e.g. 年を取るにしたがって目が悪くなっていく 'Eyesight deteriorates with age.' In this case, もとづいて would not be used.

Both have a general meaning of 'based on', but with slightly different nuances. にもとづいて typically shows strict reliance on a fixed source like rules or data, e.g. 法律にもとづいて判断する 'ake a decision based on the law'. を踏まえて means taking something into account as a reference or consideration, e.g. アンケートの結果を踏まえて調節する 'make adjustments taking the survey results into consideration'.