くる (日本語能力試験 N5)

「くる」の情報

来(く)る is one of only two main verbs in Japanese that do not follow the standard rules of conjugation for Godan and Ichidan verbs. The other primary verb being する. 来(く)る means 'to come', or 'to be coming'.

来(く)る will always have the particle に or へ attached to the location that someone 'will come', or 'has come'.

The reason that 来(く)る is called a か-column irregular conjugation verb in Japanese is because the る in 来(く)る does not conjugate, but is dropped. This leaves the く being the part that conjugates. Because of this, 来る has qualities of both る-Verbs (the る being dropped), and う-Verbs (the remaining く changing depending on the conjugation). Here are some examples of how 来(く)る changes.

（き）た, （く）る, （こ）ない.

来(く)る will often be seen as 来(き)ている when someone has come to a place and remains there. This is due to ている meaning 'to exist in the state of an action', rather than being exactly the same as '(A)~ing' in English. Because of this, 来(き)ている can mean either 'to be somewhere that one has come', or 'to be coming'.

Sometimes the difference between these two will not be clear unless there is further context.

Caution

来(き)ている (for existing at a place) is only used for places that people 'temporarily' go, so will not be used when you are at your home/work.

反意語

例文

--:--

トムはここにくる。
Tom will come here.
バスがくる。
The bus will come.
彼(かれ)はバスできます。
He will come by bus.
友達(ともだち)もきますか。
Will your friend come too?
明日(あした)きます。
I will come tomorrow.
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オンライン
- Conjugations of「くる」
  Japanese Language Guide
- Special uses of「くる」
  Self Taught Japanese

オフライン
- [DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
  Page 219
- Genki I
  Page 59
- Genki I 2nd Edition
  Page 89
- みんなの日本語 I
  Page 38 [CH 5]
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「くる」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計8件)

stupidguy
I got this wrong for using the particle に.

right:

明日きます。

wrong:

明日にきます。

Is it actually wrong?
JamesBunpro
Generally words which talk about time from a relative position (today, tomorrow, etc) do not use に. They can be considered as being used adverbially, not as nouns, in such cases. So, 明日に来ます would normally be considered unnatural.

From the perspective of what is being tested in the grammar reviews for this point, you don’t need to worry about adding a particle anyway!
stupidguy
Understood, thank you! You also answered my omitted second question with that (“adverbially, not as nouns”).