文法の説明

N3 レッスン 8: 18/23

既(すで)にAlready, Too late

使い方・接続

すでに + Phrase

詳細

  • 使用域

    硬い

「すでに」の情報

As a formal alternative to もう, the adverb 既(すで)に is used in Japanese as 'already'. Usually, 既(すで)に will come at the beginning of a phrase that it is clarifying as being 'already (A)'.

すでに has several nuances in Japanese beyond just 'already', let's take a look at a few of these possibilities:

のこらず - Nothing remaining.

あまねく - All around.

ことごとく - Altogether.

もはや - Already.

まぎれもなく - Beyond doubt.

These may all seem quite different, but together they show the full meaning of 既(すで)に very clearly. That meaning is 'to be completely unchanging'. Let's take a look at how すでに can be used with each of these nuances.

Caution

Due to 既(すで)に implying something absolutely cannot be changed, it is often used to imply that something is 'too late', and that nothing else can be done about it.

関連

例文

--:--

    時(とき)既(すで)に遅(おそ)し。

    You are already too late.

    電話(でんわ)料金(りょうきん)は既(すで)に払(はら)い終(お)えました。

    I have already paid the telephone bill.

    あなたの席(せき)は既(すで)にここと決(き)まっています。

    It has already been decided that your seat will be here.

    僕(ぼく)が来(き)た時(とき)には、電気(でんき)は既(すで)につけてあった。

    The light was already on when I arrived.

    旅行(りょこう)に行(い)くための休(やす)みは既(すで)に取(と)りました。

    I had already taken a day off for a trip.

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      「すでに」に関する文法ディスカッション

      最近の返信 (合計5件)

      • mrnoone

        mrnoone

        English translation:
        Already
        too late

        Structure:
        すでに + Phrase

        硬

        View on Bunpro

      • Anthropos888

        Anthropos888

        In this sentence:
        時すでに遅し。
        What grammatical construct is 遅し (おそし)?
        And why is no particle used after 時?

      • mrnoone

        mrnoone

        Hey
        It is a set phrase.

        遅し is くadjective in predicative form (the form used on the end of the clause, not the form used to modify nouns, in classical Japanese predicative and attributive forms were different for adjectives (more here))

        く adjectives are basically ancestors of modern い adjectives.

      • MZa

        MZa

        Here and elsewhere the translation of 既に is almost always ‘already’ even when ‘too late’ could be meaningful. Is it due to the way how this word is really understood and used by Japanese? Is there another word to say ‘too late’ without ambiguity?

      • Daru

        Daru

        The basic meaning is always ‘implying something absolutely cannot be changed’. So rather than losing one of the meanings, its really the same one being changed around to better fit a translation.

        Hope this helps!

      • Sidgr

        Sidgr

        Does anyone have an intuition on the difference in nuance between:

        • もうすでに
        • すでに

        In general I have always thought of 既に to be a direct formality increase, but this suggests otherwise.

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