使い方・接続
Verb[ない]+ ず(に)
Exceptions:
する → せず(に)
詳細
使用域
Formal
使用域
硬い
「ずに」の情報
Although it is not considered to be one of the primary 18 auxiliary verbs that are used in modern Japanese, ず is a classical auxiliary verb that has the same role as ぬ, and ない. This role is negating the verb that it is attached to. ずに is simply the addition of the case marking particle に to ず. Together, they mean 'without doing', in a similar way to ないで.
To use ずに, attach it to the indeterminate form of the verb that you wish to express as 'without doing (A)'. This is the same form used with ない.
To use ずに, attach it to the indeterminate form of the verb that you wish to express as 'without doing (A)'. This is the same form used with ない.
- 朝ご飯を食べずに仕事に行ったから、仕事中に倒れた。Because I went to work without eating breakfast, I fainted in the middle of my job.
- 水を飲まずに運動をしていたから、頭が痛い。Because I exercised without drinking water, I have a headache.
Caution
When used with a する verb, する will become せずに, not しずに. Both せ and し are indeterminate forms of する. し, the more common form that is used in east Japan appears with ない.- 勉強せずにテストを受けたから、テストの点数が低かった。Because I took the test without studying, I got a low score.
- あんまり無理をせずに頑張ってくださいね。Please do your best without trying too hard.
同義語
例文
彼は朝ごはんを食べずに仕事に行きました。
He left for work without eating breakfast.
休まず、一日中ゲームをやり続けた。
Without taking a break, I continued to play video games throughout the day.
試合に一回も負けず、優勝した。
Without losing a single game, they won the championship.
悩まずに生きるなんて不可能なのかもしれない。
It might not be possible to live without worrying.
肩の力を抜いて、力まずにスウィングした方がいいですよ。
You'd better relax your shoulder and swing without straining yourself.
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自作の例文
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オンライン
ずに and ないで
Maggie Sensei
Can you distinguish ないで / なくて / ずに?
Meshclass Japanese
オフライン
Tobira
Page 92
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 281
[AIAIJ] An Integrated Approach to Intermediate Japanese
Page 95
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「ずに」に関する文法ディスカッション
最近の返信 (合計13件)
cineebon
The nihongo no mori video has been made private. Does anyone still have access to it?
Daru
Seems to me like they still haven’t made the update, but still delisted the old one.
I’ve replaced it with another resource video, thank you for pointing that out!Pablunpro
Hi!
Whilst looking into Tae Kim’s online resource, I see that he also includes「くる」as an exception, as it becomes「こず」and not 「くず」.
Could this be included in the Exceptions or is there any consideration preventing it?
EDIT: after listening to Tezuka Sensei in the Meshclass video, I’ve realised that my request is not valid, as 「くる」follows the standard pattern, its indeterminate form being 「こ」.
間違えてすみません。
良い一日を
「ずに」について質問がありますか? 話し合ったり、質問をしてみんなで学びましょう!
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