文法の説明

N4 レッスン 8: 12/18

ないとMust, Have to

ないとならない is generally not used and is best avoided

使い方・接続

Verb[ない]+ + (いけない(1)

(1) だめ

詳細

  • タメ語

「ないと」の情報

As an extension of the 'if' meaning of , attaching the auxiliary verb ない to the verb before it will express 'if (A) is not done, (B)'. (B) is most frequently いけない 'cannot go', which makes ないといけない a double negative phrase, which translates to 'must do (A)', or 'have to do (A)'.

いけない may be replaced with だめ, to make the phrase more casual, but ならない is generally not used with ないと.

ないといけない is regularly abbreviated to ないと, but has exactly the same meaning in these cases.

Caution

As has the 'and' nuance, it gives ないと a level of strength that is not seen in similar phrases like なければいけない, or なくてはいけない. Because of this, ないと is often used to highlight things which absolutely 'must' be done (obeying the law, adhering to customs, using common sense, etc.).



例文

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  • 約束(やくそく)(まも)らないといけません!」

    'You have to keep your promise!' (must)

  • 「なぜ、税金(ぜいきん)(はら)わないといけないのです?」

    'Why do I have to pay taxes?' (must)

  • ()沢山(だくさん)から一週間(いっしゅうかん)三十回(さんじゅっかい)洗濯(せんたく)しないとだめ。」

    'There are lots of children, so I have to do laundry thirty times a week.' (must)

  • 合格(ごうかく)たらまず両親(りょうしん)先生(せんせい)(つた)えないと。」

    'If I pass, I have to tell my parents and teacher first!' (must)

  • 「ピーナッツにアレルギーがある()っておかないといけないんだ。」

    'I have to tell (you) in advance that I am allergic to peanuts.' (must)

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「ないと」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計20件)

  • discopatrick

    discopatrick

    @Yametekure - This question intrigued me… now that I think about it, I’m not sure I’ve ever spoken or read the past tense of any of these “must do” phrases. Do they exist?

    And what would the translation even be? Something like “at that time (in the past) I was compelled to do X” or “I had to do X” or “not doing X would not have gone”?

    Great question!

  • discopatrick

    discopatrick

    Also, could you expand on this please BunPro?

  • casual

    casual

    Sure, why not. Constructions like “it had to be done”, “I had to” come up If you are telling a story that happened in the past, or in something like “I know I had to do X, but something else happened”.

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