なし (日本語能力試験 N3)

「なし」の情報

Although it is used almost exclusively as a suffix, なし is actually a noun that means ないこと 'thing without'. なし, or 無(な)し when using kanji, will be used after nouns that it is indicating as 'not having (A)'.
Depending on what the speaker wants to convey, なし is often partnered with the auxiliary verb だ, or its conjunctive form で. なしで will mean '(A) that is without (B)'. When connected directly to another noun, の will be required after なし. Again, this will mean '(A) that is without (B)'.

その考(かんが)えは間違(まちがい)いなしだ。
That way of thinking is without error. (That way of thinking is flawless)
許可(きょか)なしで公園(こうえん)に店(みせ)を出(だ)さないで下(くだ)さい。
Please don't put up a store in the park without permission.
肉(にく)なしの人気(にんき)料理(りょうり)はなんですか。
What is a popular dish without meat?

なし does not always need to be connected directly to another noun. Often, it can be used in reference to an event or thing that someone wants to skip, or avoid. In cases like this, it may be paired with the case marking particle に, to show determination to avoid something.

昨日(きのう)は沢山(たくさん)食(た)べたから、今日(きょう)は昼飯(ひるめし)なしにする。
Because I ate a lot yesterday, I am going to skip eating lunch today.
先輩(せんぱい)が来(く)ると盛(も)り下(さ)がるから、先輩(せんぱい)なしにしよう。
Let's avoid inviting our senpai because he kills the mood.

Caution

無(な)し is quite different to 抜(ぬ)き, another suffix-like structure that is used to convey 'without (A)'. The primary difference is in the original meanings of these words. Having a relationship with ない, なし simply means 'without'. 抜(ぬ)き comes from the う - Verb 抜(ぬ)く 'to remove'. Due to this, 抜(ぬ)き implies the intentional removal of something. Often 抜(ぬ)き and 無(な)し are interchangeable, but not always.

わさび抜(ぬ)きでお願(ねが)いします。
Remove the wasabi please.
唐辛子(とうがらし)無(な)しでお願(ねが)いします。
Without the red peppers please.

同義語

抜きで
Without, Unless
未学習

例文

商品(しょうひん)ラベル：「砂糖(さとう)なしのダイエットドリンク」
Product label: 'Diet drink without sugar'
ことわざ：「死人(しにん)に口(くち)なしだ。」
Proverb: 'Dead men tell no tales.' (Literally - Without a mouth)
告白(こくはく)：「あなたなしで生(い)きていけない。」
Confession of love: 'I cannot live without you.'
エッセイ：「今(いま)では現生(げんせい)人類(じんるい)はスマホなしでは生活(せいかつ)できないだろう。」
Essay: 'Nowadays, modern humans probably cannot live without smartphones.'
テスト飛行(ひこう)は文句(もんく)なしの成功(せいこう)でした。
The test flight was an undisputed success.
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「なし」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計6件)

Aythreuk
Pushindawood
@Aythreuk Hey! You are right. It looks like the “formal tags” are not showing up during reviews. You should be seeing “硬” on the grammar point’s main page which indicates that the grammar point is formal. We will update reviews so that they also display the correct tags. Cheers!
Aythreuk
I’m a little embarrassed that I didn’t know that about that kanji. Wanikani only taught it to me as meaning ‘stiff’, but with a little hindsight it’s an easy connection to make.