は (pronounced わ) is often considered to be one of the most difficult particles to master in Japanese, alongside が. は marks the topic of the sentence, and describes the whole sentence broadly. However, が primarily marks single actions or statements. We will explore this distinction in more detail when covering が.

In many sentences (especially short ones), either は or が would be considered perfectly natural. This depends on whether someone is simply stating something (は), or highlighting it especially (が).

In the first sentence, は broadly describes what the sentence is about (curry). In the second sentence, は again describes the whole sentence being about 'me', but が highlights one specific piece of information (wine being the thing that is hated).

も can mean 'too/also', or 'even', or 'neither/either', depending on if the sentence is affirmative or negative. Multiple meanings like this are quite common for Japanese particles, as there is no need to use different words simply to agree with other statements in the sentence (unlike English).

As you can see here, English requires 'either/neither (when negative)', or 'too/also', but Japanese only requires も. You can think of it as simply meaning 'Whatever is true for (A), is also true for (B)'.

も is part of many other compound grammar structures in which it keeps its original meaning, but shifts the nuance a little bit. Some of these include でも, にも～ない, とも. As we can see, it is frequently paired with other particles!

Although this was a pairing of で and も as individual structures in the past, in modern Japanese, でも is considered its own word. This is most often translated simply as 'but' in English, despite the nuance sometimes being 'While (A), also (B)', which highlights more clearly the historical concept.