Structure
Verb + しかない
Détails
Niveau de langue
Standard
À propos de しかない
しかない is a commonly used expression in Japanese that is partnered with verbs. It is a combination of しか, the adverbial particle, and the い-Adjective ない. This structure may be translated as 'to have no choice but (A)', or 'there is only (A)'. しかない regularly emphasizes the point that nothing apart from (A) is possible.
To use しかない, simply attach it directly to the non-past form of whichever verb you would like to highlight as being the 'only' possible action.
Unlike だけ, which implies that one particular option was chosen (out of several), しか always insinuates that (A) is the only option, and therefore will sound much stronger than だけ. Also, as only one option exists, it will often be assumed by the listener that some particular circumstances resulted in (A) being all that can be done.
Fun Fact
Occasionally, しかない may be used in manga, anime, or other forms of media that use casual language. In these cases, it is not uncommon to see しか abbreviated to っきゃ, resulting in っきゃない. However, this is not a common abbreviation in daily language.
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Exemples
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人が多いから、並ぶしかない。
Because there are a lot of people, we have no choice but to line up.
時が来るのを待つしかないですよ。
You have no choice but to wait for the time to come.
こんなにうまくいかないかなあ… もう笑うしかない。
To think that it would go this poorly... I have no choice but to laugh!
素直に謝るしかないです。
I have no choice but to sincerely apologize.
この部屋はゴミだらけなので掃除するしかない。
This room is full of trash. I have no choice but to clean it.
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しかない – Discussion Grammaire
Réponses les plus récentes (7 au total)
Pep95
In which cases would they be different?
Pushindawood
@Pep95 Hey! You cannot use しか after the conditional と in the sentence that you provided. Perhaps you meant 掃除しかしない? If we just breakdown 掃除するしかない and 掃除しかしない then we can pick apart the differences. 掃除するしかない means that there is nothing to do but clean or that one has no choice but to clean. 掃除しかしない means to do nothing but clean; the only thing that one is doing is cleaning and nothing else. You can use しか before 掃除 but you need a noun (since we are talking about cleaning, it is most likely a person) before it. 彼しか掃除しない means that he is the only one to clean (he is the only doing the cleaning (no one else cleans)). I hope this helps!
Pep95
Pretty clear! Thank you so much.
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