Struktur
Verb［stem］+ かけだ
Verb［stem］+ かける
Verb［stem］+ かけの + Noun
Rincian
Standar
Tentang かけ
Being an unofficial helper verb, かけ is what is known as a 造語 (neologism), and carries one specific meaning when used in conjunction with other words. This is similar to 向け. かけ comes from the verb 掛ける 'to suspend', and may be attached to the conjunctive form of other verbs, in order to convey that they are 'unfinished'. Usually this translates as 'half (A)', 'about to (A)', or 'not yet finished (A)'.
かけ behaves like a noun, so may be followed by the case marking particle の when attached directly to another noun, or by だ when at the end of a sentence.
Occasionally, the verb 掛ける itself may be used instead of the noun form, かけ.
Fun Fact
As the literal meaning of 掛ける is 'to suspend', it expresses that something is stuck somewhere in the process of happening. This is similar to taking a photo of someone that is jumping. In the photo it will look like they are 'suspended', but that is only because one particular moment has been captured, somewhere between the start and the finish. かけ conveys exactly the same meaning, and therefore may be interpreted differently, depending on the verb it is paired with.
With verbs that express a momentary action (something that cannot be 'half' done), かけ will convey that the action was 'on the verge of' happening.
However, with verbs that are ongoing actions, かけ will simply imply that they are 'in the process' of being done.
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Contoh
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食べ掛けのケーキでも良ければありますよ。
I have some half-eaten cake, if you would like.
描き掛けの絵を早く完成させたい。
I want to finish this half-drawn picture quickly.
この時計壊れ掛けだけど、ないよりはいいか。
This watch is half-broken, but is still better than nothing.
忘れ掛けていた思い出が急に蘇った。
The half-forgotten memory suddenly came back.
交通事故で危うく死に掛けた。
I nearly died in the car accident. (half-dead)
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かけ – Diskusi Tata Bahasa
Balasan Terbaru (total 8)
electrosuccess
Hello, I’ve got a question about the sentence:
私は、何冊も読み掛けの本がある。(読む)
I have a lot of books that are half-read.
Wouldn’t 読み掛けた本 be correct here? It’s not accepted as a correct answer.
Fuga
Hey @electrosuccess !
Since your answer could work, we have added a hint for it!
scchoi92
Hi! Do 食べかけたケーキ and 食べかけのケーキ mean the same thing?
If so, is it safe to assume that ‘かけた＋noun’ and ‘かけの＋noun’ are interchangeable? If there is a subtle difference in nuance I’d be happy to know.
Thank you for your time, have a nice day!