文法の説明

N5 レッスン 2: 5/12

う-Verb (Dictionary)う + ます (Godan Verbs)

Short form is also often called 'casual form' (because it is used in casual language), or 'plain form'

使い方・接続

Examples:
(すわ)
(うた)
(ある)
(はな)
()
()
()
(やす)
(およ)

詳細

  • 品詞

    動詞

  • 単語の種類

    自立語

  • 使用域

    一般

「う-Verb (Dictionary)」の情報

う-Verbs include all of the verbs in Japanese that end in う sounds (including some of the verbs that end in る). These verbs are called Godan (五段(ごだん)) 'five-level' verbs in Japanese, due to their conjugations using all 5 of the different sounds in the same column ((だん)) that their base form comes from.

As we can see here, the く in ()く changes to き when conjugated to the polite form. All of the other sounds the K-column will be used with ()く, depending on the conjugation. This is the same for all of the う-Verbs.

()ない, ()たい, (), (), ()

Here we can see the う-Verb ()く using all of the different K-column sounds in various conjugations.

Caution

Just like with る-Verbs, the base form of the verb may be called 'plain form', 'casual form', or 'short form', depending on the source/book.

例文

--:--

    ()()きます

    To listen/hear

    (すわ)(すわ)ります

    To sit down

    ()()ます

    To drink

    ()()ちます

    To hit

    ()()います

    To meet

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「う-Verb (Dictionary)」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計14件)

  • Jake

    Jake

    Godan verbs: end in a う sound

    Structure

    • ・飲みます
    • んだ・飲みました
    • まない・飲みません
    • まなかった・飲みませんでした

    View on Bunpro

  • kamirr

    kamirr

    I can’t decipher what the structure means, can somebody explain which entries correspond to polite / casual forms etc.?

  • mrnoone

    mrnoone

    Hey and welcome on community forums
    I hope the conjugation is more understandable this way:

    Verb Ex. Non-past Short Ex. Non-Past Polite Ex. Past Short Ex. Past Polite
    V(る5) ます った ました
    V(う) ます った ました
    V(く) ます いた ました
    V(す) ます した
  • kamirr

    kamirr

    Yep, that cleared this up for me. Thanks!

  • FredKore

    FredKore

    Just browsing the new pages and this one’s structure seemed confusing…

  • Angry_Bee

    Angry_Bee

    Are formal form and polite form the same thing?

  • FredKore

    FredKore

    As it’s used here, yes.

  • Ayeblinken

    Ayeblinken

    I am so lost on this one, I have no idea how to read the structure,

    This is chaos

    How does janai turn into jaarimasen

    Edit: I watched some TokiniAndy videos covering this chapter and it was extremely helpful. Do wonder if this could be broken down a little more clearly in the bunpro explanation though. Still don’t quite understand where the parentheses things are coming from.

  • nekoyama

    nekoyama

    It’s just nine examples for how to change the last kana in a verb’s dictionary form to the kana from the same row with an “i” sound, and then add “ます”, which is how godan verbs are transformed into their polite ます form. I’m not sure why the grammar point doesn’t actually say that that’s the rule, but other than that, it’s just a lot of examples, maybe to make sure people see some of the cases that are slightly less obvious to us Westerners like how し is the i-version of す and ち is the i-version of つ (basically, problems people have when they learn Japanese with romaji instead of learning the kana first).

    As for the parentheses, the kana in parentheses are just how the kanji in front of them are read in those words. I’m not sure why it’s only those four and only on the polite tab.

  • Ayeblinken

    Ayeblinken

    Yeahhhh, I get the structure now and I completely understand the grammar point but I think bunpro really needs to update this specific lesson for the things you pointed out.
    Why only have furigana for 4 of the words, and only the polite forms?
    It takes a grammar point that’s fairly simple and makes it really really hard to see what the actual structure is.

  • bhenryjp1

    bhenryjp1

  • nekoyama

    nekoyama

    No, it would have to be もない.

  • FredKore

    FredKore

    I was curious so I tried it. Google is not great for checking proper grammar – it takes whatever you give it and tries to interpret what you meant to say. But notice, in the ローマ字, it still recognizes that ‘mochinai’ is not a word and separates it into two…

  • bhenryjp1

    bhenryjp1

    I totally overlooked and misread the た in the casual form. Thanks!

  • delliepops

    delliepops

    The ____ is labeled “polite”. But I’m supposed to fill in the casual form? This doesn’t make sense to me. Shouldn’t the ____ be labeled “casual”?

    Here’s what the question looks like:

    (Polite) → 飲みます

    Why is the correct answer nomu (casual form) when the label is clearly asking me to fill in the polite form, which is what’s already on the right side?

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