文法の説明

N3 レッスン 10: 1/20

がたいHard to, Difficult to

使い方・接続

Verb[stem]+ がたい

詳細

  • 使用域

    一般

「がたい」の情報

Coming from the same kanji as (むずか)しい 'difficult', (がた)い is a suffix that also means 'difficult'. However, in the case of がたい, it will be attached to the conjunctive form of verbs, and conveys that '(A) is difficult to do'. がたい is almost always written without kanji in this meaning.

Compared to にくい, which can simply imply that something is 'uncomfortable' to do, がたい refers almost exclusively to 困難(こんなん)であること 'things that involve a high degree of difficulty, distress, or infeasibility'. Due to this, がたい will come across as far stronger than にくい, and may imply that a certain task is almost impossible.

Summed up, these nuances basically translate as the following:

にくい - Something is difficult based on someone's opinion, experience, or general feeling.

がたい - Something is difficult based on the task itself having a high level of difficulty.

例文

--:--

    あの(つみ)(ゆる)しがたい

    That crime is unforgivable. (Nearly impossible to forgive)

    もう(ひと)つのアイデアも()てがたい

    The other idea is also hard to give up.

    あの(ひと)()っていることは(しん)じがたいですね。

    It's hard to believe what that person is saying.

    (わす)れがたい出来事(できごと)遭遇(そうぐう)した。

    I encountered an event that is nearly impossible to forget.

    (みんな)から近寄(ちかよ)りがたいってよく()われます。

    I am often told that I am hard to approach.

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「がたい」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計7件)

  • mrnoone

    mrnoone

    English translation:
    hard to
    difficult to

    Structure:
    Verb[stem] + がたい

    Explanation:
    [nearly impossible to…]

    View on Bunpro

  • lopicake

    lopicake

    Okay I still don’t know what the exact difference between にくい、づらい、and がたい is and I’ve read conflicting descriptions of them all.

    First from the Resources linked by BP:

    Tae Kim Link

    「にくい」 tends to be used for physical actions while
    「がたい」 is usually reserved for less physical actions that don’t actually require movement
    「づらい」more coarse variation of stem + 「にくい」

    JStackExchange Link

    ~にくい 【~難い】
    The most general of the three. Basic “hard/difficult to do ~” meaning.
    づらい 【~辛い】
    ~づらい is usually a more subjective meaning, whereas ~にくい is usually more objective. Also, ~づら...

  • mrnoone

    mrnoone

    Hey

    To sum up:

    First of all にくい is the broadest term. It doesn’t have restrictions like the other two. Also, it describes objectively that something is hard. It can be used with transitive and intransitive verbs.

    づらい describes speaker’s/writer’s aversion/reluctance to do something That is why it is more subjective. Also, it cannot be used with intransitive verbs.
    電気が消えにくい。 〇 The light is hard to turn off.
    電気は消えづらい。 X

    がたい is more formal than the rest. It is also like Stack answer said used to describe that something is impossible or almost impossible. So it is much stronger than “hard to”.

    Therefore answer A, since 許しがたい means that it is absolutely intolerable. Unforgivable.
    Not to mention 許しがたい is basically a fixed expression. I haven’t seen 許しづらい。

  • lopicake

    lopicake

    Thank you so much for your reply! That clears it up a lot!

    I realize they’re all saying the same thing but Tae Kim and 日本語の森 are just over-simplifying it. 完全マスターN2文法 doesn’t talk about the the impossibility emphasis.

    Textbook case of why multiple sources are important.

  • mrnoone

    mrnoone

    That is because of space, kanzen master is a book made for reviewing rather than learning.

  • Johnathan-Weir

    Johnathan-Weir

    These videos might be worth adding:

  • ggw1776

    ggw1776

    I usually only do my drills with the english translations, which makes this sentence in particular pretty frustrating

  • Gabrielkarrer

    Gabrielkarrer

    can bunpro add the 辛い as a separate grammar point. In my practical case, i didnt use and know about it at all and accidentally come on it on a (all n4 grammar youtube video) to polish my grammar skill. If you know the nuance, its pretty useful.

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