文法の説明

N5 レッスン 10: 9/12

くれる

To give (me), To be given

For both くれる and あげる, に marks the recipient

使い方・接続

Giver(*)は(1) + Recipient(*)に + Object(*)をくれる

Recipient(*)に + Giver(*)は(1) + Object(*)をくれる

Giver(*)は(1) + Object(*)を + Recipient(*)にくれる

(*) Giver, Recipent and Object are Nouns
(1) が

詳細

  • 品詞

    Verb

  • 品詞

    Independent Word

  • 使用域

    Standard

  • 品詞

    動詞

  • 単語の種類

    自立語

  • 使用域

    一般

あまり見かけない漢字

呉れる

「くれる」の情報

くれる is generally taught as part of a set of 3 verbs that are regularly used for giving and receiving in Japanese. These verbs are くれる, あげる, and もらう. くれる means 'to give' (to you, or someone that is part of your 'in' group).

With くれる and あげる, they both function in the regular way you would expect (regarding particles). This means that が will always mark the giver (the person performing the action), and に will mark the recipient (the person that is the 'destination' of the thing that is given). This means that を will be used to mark the 'object' that is given, as is usually the case.

The giver/recipient are often omitted from sentences with くれる, as one/both are usually obvious from context, or the sentence may be focussing on the object.

As can be seen here, the same nuance is kept, even when things are omitted.

Fun Fact

What someone considers their 'in' group will be different for each person, but usually consists of members of your family, clubs that you are in, or something similar that has a 'group' atmosphere (that you are a part of).

The giver will always be someone that is more distant than the people that are in the 'group'.

  • 近所(きんじょ)の人(ひと)が旅行(りょこう)から帰(かえ)って来(き)て、父(ちち)にお土産(みやげ)をくれた。
    When the neighbors return home from traveling, they give my father souvenirs.
  • 先生(せんせい)がクラブ仲間(なかま)のとしこちゃんに花(はな)をくれた。
    The teacher gave flowers to my club member, Toshiko-chan.

Caution

When we want to say that we (or someone else) gave something to someone that is not in our 'in' group, we will need to use あげる instead.

例文

  • 母(はは)は僕(ぼく)にかっこいいペンをくれた。

    My mom gave me a cool pen.

  • 兄(あに)は(私(わたし)に)便利(べんり)な箱(はこ)をくれた。

    My brother gave me a convenient box.

  • おじいちゃんは(私(わたし)に)古(ふる)い自転車(じてんしゃ)をくれた。

    My grandpa gave me an old bicycle.

  • 彼(かれ)が(私(わたし)に)かわいい靴(くつ)をくれて、嬉(うれ)しいです。

    He gave me some cute shoes, so I am happy.

    Since くれる is followed immediately by うれしい, the conjunction form くれて will be required.

  • 友達(ともだち)は毎週(まいしゅう)土曜日(どようび)に私(わたし)の母(はは)にクッキーをくれる。

    My friend gives my mom cookies every Saturday.

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「くれる」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計13件)

  • jrmr50

    jrmr50

    if we use て here, what puts the sentence into the past tense? Why isn’t it 'he gives some cute shoes to me, so I am happy`

    I had opted for くれた

  • FredKore

    FredKore

    The comma indicates that it has to be て-form to join with something that comes after. If you put くれた then that would be the end of the sentence.
    It’s translated as past tense because the situation is that ‘I am currently happy about something that happened’.

    The pattern is like these grammar points:
    Verb[て] + B | Japanese Grammar SRS
    てくれてありがとう | Japanese Grammar SRS
    てすみません | Japanese Grammar SRS

  • MikkaT

    MikkaT

    Hi, I saw these diagrams which helped understanding the concept better.

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