文法の説明

N4 レッスン 1: 6/18

等(ら)We, Them, They, These, Those

Spoken casual, may be considered rude

使い方・接続

Pronoun + ら

詳細

  • 使用域

    一般

「～ら」の情報

There are many prefixes and suffixes in Japanese that are used depending on what the speaker wants to highlight. ら is a suffix (component used after the main part of a word) that implies that there is 'more than one' of something. Due to this, ら is often called a 'pluralizing suffix'. ら comes from the same kanji as 等(など), and the literal meaning is closer to '(A) etc'.

This 'etc' is where the implication of 'more than one' originates. To use ら, attach it to the end of any pronoun.

Caution

Because ら has a literal meaning that is close to '(A) etc', or '(A) and so on', it may sometimes be considered a bit rude (due to being dismissive). Because of this, it is recommended to not use this suffix in relation to people, unless it is absolutely essential to indicate plural. In most cases, 達(たち) will be a far better choice.

例文

--:--

    彼(かれ)らは十分(じゅうぶん)に勉強(べんきょう)をしたから、試験(しけん)が簡単(かんたん)だった。

    They studied sufficiently, so the test was easy.

    これらを捨(す)ててください。

    Could you please toss these?

    それらの畳(たたみ)はいい匂(にお)いがしている。

    Those tatami mats smell good.

    君(きみ)ら池(いけ)に入(はい)るつもり？

    Do you all intend to go swimming in the pond?

    奴(やつ)らはプロだ。

    They are pros.

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「～ら」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計4件)

  • Pushindawood

    Pushindawood

    them・they
    these・those

    Structure

    • Pronoun + ら

    Spoken casual
    Can be considered rude

    View on Bunpro

  • max99x

    max99x

    I have a couple of questions about this point:

    • There doesn’t seem to be a ~たち point. Should it be part of this point?
    • The linked stack exchange page and others highlight how -ら/-たち are not pure pluralizers, but rather mean “et al” or “and their group”. Assuming this holds, it should probably be mentioned. The examples have 俺ら and that certainly doesn’t fit the listed “them・they・these・those” meanings.
    • The grammar point says it only applies to pronouns, but other grammar points have examples that use -ら for sentient nouns (e.g. 子供らが怖がらないように頼むよ on the ように言う page). Shouldn’t that be mentioned?
    • I’ve found this page super useful for understanding the usage of -ら and -たち, so it would be nice to have it linked in the grammar point, though other pages on that site are potentially NSFW, so it’s understandable if that’s a problem.
      • ...
  • mrnoone

    mrnoone

    Hey

    たち deserves grammar point on its own, it is on to-do-list.

  • Johnathan-Weir

    Johnathan-Weir

    I’ve heard that while これら/それら/あれら exist that they’re not used very often outside of formal writing and the あれら is only used in English translation.

    And that これ/それ/あれ can be used plurally just fine.

    Any thoughts on this?

  • Daru

    Daru

    That’s exactly right! これ・それ・あれ and like any noun for that matter, inherit their gender/plurality or singularity from context.

    This doesn’t mean that the ～ら isn’t needed, but sometimes it’s needed to clarify the context.

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