使い方・接続
Noun + や + Noun
詳細
品詞
Particle
品詞
Sentence Ending Particle
使用域
Standard
品詞
助詞
単語の種類
終助詞
使用域
一般
「や」の情報
や is a particle that has several different roles in Japanese, with the most common being as an adverbial particle. や is used similarly to と as 'and', but rather than listing specific things in a group, it lists 'things like (A)'.
や is always used to group nouns, and simply comes directly after them.
To compare how と and や are different, imagine that there is a bowl of fruit. In this bowl there are apples, oranges, and peaches. If と is used to list the apples and oranges, it would give the listener the impression that there are no peaches. This is called an 'exhaustive' list, meaning that all possibilities should be listed. However, if や is used, the listener would know that there are other things in the bowl apart from the apples and oranges. In this way, や is a better choice when you want to say 'and', but don't want to limit the group that you are listing.
Caution
や cannot be used after verb phrases. This is done with たり, or とか.
同義語
例文
コンビニでお水やおかしを買った。
I bought things like water and snacks at the convenience store.
ひらがなやカタカナや漢字があります。
There are things like Hiragana and Katakana and Kanji.
京都や東京や大阪に行きました。
I went to places like Kyoto and Tokyo and Osaka.
サッカーやテニスをするのが好き。
I like playing sports like soccer and tennis.
果物や野菜を食べてください。
Please eat things like fruits and vegetables.
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自作の例文
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オンライン
Parallel Marker や
Wasabi
The Vague Listing 「や」
Tae Kim
Japanese Particles と (to), や (ya), か (ka)
Yuko Sensei [video]
オフライン
Genki I
Page 216
Marugoto Elementary 1 (A2) Rikai
Page 57
みんなの日本語 I
Page 68 [CH 10]
Genki I 2nd Edition
Page 256
[DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
Page 536
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 69
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「や」に関する文法ディスカッション
最近の返信 (合計7件)
Pep95
What does this mean?
Inounx
Hi,
I have some trouble understanding this sentence:
冷蔵庫に肉 や 魚とかがあります
I don’t understand why the “とか” part is here, and what it means ?
I supposed it was the equivalent of “や” but as “や” is more formal than “とか” I am not sure why they would be mixed ?
Pushindawood
@Inounx Hey! You are right that や is usually considered more formal than とか, however, they both can be found together in the same sentence, especially in modern Japanese. Since や implies that not everything is listed and can only be used once in a sentence, any nouns listed after や can be accompanied by とか or など. Cheers!
「や」について質問がありますか？ 話し合ったり、質問をしてみんなで学びましょう！
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