や (日本語能力試験 N5)

「や」の情報

や is a particle that has several different roles in Japanese, with the most common being as an adverbial particle. や is used similarly to と as 'and', but rather than listing specific things in a group, it lists 'things like (A)'.

や is always used to group nouns, and simply comes directly after them.

To compare how と and や are different, imagine that there is a bowl of fruit. In this bowl there are apples, oranges, and peaches. If と is used to list the apples and oranges, it would give the listener the impression that there are no peaches. This is called an 'exhaustive' list, meaning that all possibilities should be listed. However, if や is used, the listener would know that there are other things in the bowl apart from the apples and oranges. In this way, や is a better choice when you want to say 'and', but don't want to limit the group that you are listing.

Caution

や cannot be used after verb phrases. This is done with たり, or とか.

例文

--:--

コンビニでお水(みず)やおかしを買(か)った。

I bought things like water and snacks at the convenience store.

ひらがなやカタカナや漢字(かんじ)があります。

There are things like Hiragana and Katakana and Kanji.

京都(きょうと)や東京(とうきょう)や大阪(おおさか)に行(い)きました。

I went to places like Kyoto and Tokyo and Osaka.

サッカーやテニスをするのが好(す)き。

I like playing sports like soccer and tennis.

果物(くだもの)や野菜(やさい)を食(た)べてください。

Please eat things like fruits and vegetables.

ご登録いただくと、より多くの例文にアクセスできます。
プレミアムユーザーは全文法ポイントに含まれる12個の例文にアクセスすることできます。
Bunproを試してみる

自作の例文

自分なりの勉強をする！

文章を追加し、Bunproの文章と一緒に勉強する。

Bunproを試してみる

オンライン
- Japanese Particles と (to), や (ya), か (ka)
  Yuko Sensei [video]
- Parallel Marker や
  Wasabi
- The Vague Listing 「や」
  Tae Kim

オフライン
- [DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
  Page 536
- Genki I
  Page 216
- Genki I 2nd Edition
  Page 256
- Marugoto Elementary 1 (A2) Rikai
  Page 57
- Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
  Page 69
- みんなの日本語 I
  Page 68 [CH 10]
リソースを追跡する！
Bunproでは、あなたがアクセスしたすべてのリソースを追跡し、オフラインでの追跡に役立つ教科書のブックマークを提供します。
Bunproを試してみる

「や」に関する文法ディスカッション

最近の返信 (合計8件)

Jake
**and
- and the like
- things like ~**
Structure
- Noun + や + Noun
*[When listing nouns: や - Non-exhaustive
- と - Exhaustive]*
Cannot be preceded by a verb phrase (とか can)

View on Bunpro
Michakun
I have a doubt with one of your samples. Why in 火曜日かようびや金曜日きんようびも、スポーツするつもりです。appears も after 金曜日? What tries to say with it? Thank you.
mrnoone
Hey!

It means something along:
I exercise on Tuesdays and Fridays too!
So in previous sentence speaker could say that he does sports on weekends. etc

週末だけではなく、火曜日や金曜日も運動する。
I do sports not only on weekends but also on Tuesdays and Fridays too. For example.
Michakun
I see. It’s good to see examples like this, be ause they’re not easily foundable, but without the full context they can be troublesome because they can confuse what to answer. It should be mo? It should be ya? And fail because missleading can be frustrating
mrnoone
Yes, that is true!. For that reason we are trying (unlike many books) to provide context for grammar points that need it, like:
わけではない

I will add some context to this sentence too
Pep95

Jake:

Cannot be preceded by a verb phrase

What does this mean?
Inounx
Hi,
I have some trouble understanding this sentence:
冷蔵庫に肉や魚とかがあります
I don’t understand why the “とか” part is here, and what it means ?
I supposed it was the equivalent of “や” but as “や” is more formal than “とか” I am not sure why they would be mixed ?
Pushindawood
@Inounx Hey! You are right that や is usually considered more formal than とか, however, they both can be found together in the same sentence, especially in modern Japanese. Since や implies that not everything is listed and can only be used once in a sentence, any nouns listed after や can be accompanied by とか or など. Cheers!
Mino123
It’s not true that you can use や just once in a sentence, you can repeat it however times you need. However, I’ve read that in writing it’s better to use AやB、C、D rather than AやBやCやD, because it makes reading easier. But AやBやCやD is still very much correct. Here are some sources with citations:

https://jikobunseki-lab.com/ya-post-positional-particle/82/

3つ以上の名詞並べる際に、すべて「や」で並列するのも文法的に問題はありません。

https://bunsyou-kakikata.com/ya/

このように、『や』を使って関連した単語を繋ぎ合わせていくことは、文法として間違ってはいません。