文法の説明
N4 レッスン 6: 8/16
~て (Reasons and Causes)
And・and so, Due to, Because of, Since, Conjunctive
Notice that Verb[て] + すみません uses this version of て
使い方・接続
Verb[て]+ Phrase
[い]Adjective[て]+ Phrase
[な]Adjective + で + Phrase
Noun + で + Phrase
Exceptions:
いい → よくて + B
詳細
使用域
Standard
使用域
一般
「Verb[て] + B」の情報
One of the functions that the conjunction particle て performs in Japanese is very similar to 'since', or 'due to', in English. Phrases that use this particular (A) て (B) nuance of the て-form primarily express something that is beyond the control of the speaker in the (B) statement.
To use this grammar construction, pair the て-form of a verb or い-Adjective with the (B) phrase. In the case of nouns and な-Adjectives, で (the particle) will be used instead.
(A) て 困る - Being troubled cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 嬉しい - Being happy cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 大変 - Having a problem cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て びっくり - Being surprised cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 疲れている - Being worn-out cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 心配 - Feeling anxiety cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
Many other words, such as the ones listed above will cause て (or で) to have a similar nuance. てすみません also uses this meaning of て, as すみません is a feeling that the speaker cannot control, relating to the situation being left unfinished.
To use this grammar construction, pair the て-form of a verb or い-Adjective with the (B) phrase. In the case of nouns and な-Adjectives, で (the particle) will be used instead.
- 犯人が捕まって安心です。I feel safe because the criminal got caught.
- 今日は宿題が多くて行けなかった。I couldn't go today because I had a lot of homework.
- 田舎は静かなので落ち着きます。I can relax in the countryside because it is quiet.
- 虫歯で歯が痛い。My tooth hurts because of a cavity.
Fun Fact
The 'because' nuance of て (or で) in this grammar construction is primarily influenced by the (B) phrase being something that is uncontrollable, rather than being a different meaning of the particles て, or で themselves. Literally the meaning is closer to the following:(A) て 困る - Being troubled cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 嬉しい - Being happy cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 大変 - Having a problem cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て びっくり - Being surprised cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 疲れている - Being worn-out cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
(A) て 心配 - Feeling anxiety cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.
Many other words, such as the ones listed above will cause て (or で) to have a similar nuance. てすみません also uses this meaning of て, as すみません is a feeling that the speaker cannot control, relating to the situation being left unfinished.
同義語
例文
「お菓子をたくさん食べてお腹が痛いよ。」
'I ate many sweets and I have an upset stomach!' ('I have an upset stomach because I ate many sweets')
部屋が綺麗でのんびりできます。
I can relax because the room is clean. (The room is clean and I can relax)
メアリーがアメリカに帰って悲しいです。
Mary returned to the USA and I am sad. (I am sad because Mary returned to the USA)
勇者さまは5年前に、交通事故で死んだ。
The hero died due to a car accident 5 years ago. (The hero got into a car accident 5 years ago and died)
The noun preceding で is an event (often negative) that is beyond the control of the speaker or writer. It cannot be rephrased to から or ので.
日本語能力試験に合格して嬉しかったです。
I passed the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, so I was glad.
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て for reasons
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「Verb[て] + B」に関する文法ディスカッション
最近の返信 (合計16件)
lorenzosama
Thank you for the response. I think I sort of understand but I want to make sure I’m really getting it. I’m not sure I understand what the difference is between “because it’s raining” vs “due to the rain”. I think my understanding now is that ので should be working on full sentences but the particle で by itself can be used to add context to the verb within the sentence?
nekoyama
I don’t think there is a big difference in meaning. That’s why bunpro will not mark you wrong if you enter なので. It just asks for a different answer because it wants to make sure you remember this grammar point, and not just any way to say “because”.
electrosuccess
In example " 先週、インフルエンザに___、仕事を休んだのです。", the verb to be conjugated is “かかる”. The hint says that it’s ichidan verb. However, the correct answer is かかって, not かかて. According to jisho, it is a godan verb, so it appears that the hint is wrong. Is that right?
「Verb[て] + B」について質問がありますか? 話し合ったり、質問をしてみんなで学びましょう!
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