Info. de Gramática

N4 Lección 6: 8/16

～て (Reasons and Causes)And・and so, Due to, Because of, Since, Conjunctive

Notice that Verb[て] + すみません uses this version of て

Estructura

Verb［て］+ Phrase
［い］Adjective［て］+ Phrase
［な］Adjective + で + Phrase
Noun + で + Phrase

Exceptions:
いい ￫ よくて + B

Detalles

  • Registro

    Standard

Acerca de Verb[て] + B

One of the functions that the conjunction particle て performs in Japanese is very similar to 'since', or 'due to', in English. Phrases that use this particular (A) て (B) nuance of the て-form primarily express something that is beyond the control of the speaker in the (B) statement.

To use this grammar construction, pair the て-form of a verb or い-Adjective with the (B) phrase. In the case of nouns and な-Adjectives, で (the particle) will be used instead.

Fun Fact

The 'because' nuance of て (or で) in this grammar construction is primarily influenced by the (B) phrase being something that is uncontrollable, rather than being a different meaning of the particles て, or で themselves. Literally the meaning is closer to the following:

(A) て 困(こま)る - Being troubled cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.

(A) て 嬉(うれ)しい - Being happy cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.

(A) て 大変(たいへん) - Having a problem cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.

(A) て びっくり - Being surprised cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.

(A) て 疲(つか)れている - Being worn-out cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.

(A) て 心配(しんぱい) - Feeling anxiety cannot be controlled, so (A) must have caused it.

Many other words, such as the ones listed above will cause て (or で) to have a similar nuance. てすみません also uses this meaning of て, as すみません is a feeling that the speaker cannot control, relating to the situation being left unfinished.

Ejemplos

--:--

    文字(もじ)も小(ちい)さすぎて読(よ)めないよ。

    The characters are too small and I cannot read them. (I cannot read the characters because they are too small)

    部屋(へや)が綺麗(きれい)でのんびりできます。

    I can relax because the room is clean. (The room is clean and I can relax)

    メアリーがアメリカに帰(かえ)って悲(かな)しいです。

    Mary returned to the USA and I am sad. (I am sad because Mary returned to the USA)

    おとなしさんは病気(びょうき)で参加(さんか)できませんでした。

    Mr. Otonashi was sick and could not participate. (Mr. Otonashi was unable to participate due to being ill)

    おっちゃんのコンサートは雨(あめ)で中止(ちゅうし)になった。

    O-chan's concert has been canceled due to the rain.

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