やThings like, And the like

と and や are particles used to connect nouns, similar to 'and' in English, but differ slightly. と is used when listing all items explicitly (e.g., りんごとバナナ = 'apples and bananas [only]'). In contrast, や indicates examples from a larger set (e.g., りんごやバナナ = 'things like apples and bananas,' implying there are others).

Both や and やら～やら are used to list items or examples from a larger set, and are more common in writing or formal speech than in casual conversation. や is a straightforward way to suggest other similar examples, as in 'A, B, and things like that.' In contrast, やら～やら carries a stronger nuance of uncertainty or possibility, as if the speaker is listing examples that may or may not apply.

ら is a pluralizing suffix that attaches to nouns to mean '(A) and others'. や is a particle that links multiple nouns, similar to 'and' in English. While ら can follow a single noun, や must connect two or more. Both imply the presence of other people or things not explicitly mentioned.

Both や and とか～とか are used to list items non-exhaustively, implying that other, unmentioned items are also included. や is more common in writing or formal speech, while とか is more colloquial. や must follow nouns, while とか can also be used with actions or events involving verbs. Additionally, とか can follow each item in the list, whereas や is not used after the final item.

Les deux expressions たり～たりする et や permettent de donner des exemples comme l'expression « des choses comme A et B ». La différence principale est que たり～たりする est utilisé pour des actions, des états ou des phrases et や pour lister des choses. Les deux formules indiquent que le locuteur mentionne seulement quelques-unes des nombreuses actions ou choses possibles.

Both および and や are used to list items, but they differ in nuance and formality. および is a highly formal expression similar to と, often implying a complete list. It is used almost exclusively in writing and structured, formal speech. In contrast, や is less formal and suggests a partial list, such as 'A, B, and things like that.'