Struktur
Noun + によって
Noun + により
Rincian
Standard
Tentang によって・による
によって, による, and により are all different versions of the same expression, that can basically be translated as 'according to (A)', or 'depending on (A)'. This uses the same よる as seen in the grammar pattern によると. They will be used in the following way:
によって - Generally used before a comma (although not always). Acts as the separation point between the (A) and (B) parts of a sentence. Made up of the case marking particle に, and the う - Verb よる in its て form.
による - Generally used at the end of a sentence, to highlight that the previous statement depends on (A).
により - Almost always used before a comma. Acts as the separation point between the (A) and (B) parts of a sentence. Made up of the case marking particle に, and the う - Verb よる in its conjunctive form.
To use any of these constructions, attach them to the end of a noun that you want to express as being the 'dependent' thing.
Caution
による may also sometimes be followed by a noun. In these cases, it will become a verb modified noun, and highlight that (B) resulted from (A).
Fun Fact
Although よる is almost always written in hiragana, there are several different kanji that use this reading. They all share similar meanings. Learn more about this in the によると grammar point.
Terkait
Lain-lain
Contoh
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その車の値段によって、決めます。
I will choose depending on the price of that car.
国によって、いろいろな伝統があります。
There are a variety of traditions depending on the country.
調査によって新たな事実が明らかになった。
Through investigation, a new truth was discovered. (by means of)
納豆が好きかどうかは人による。
It depends on the person whether they like natto or not.
話し合いによって決まったのだから、文句言わないで。
Our decision was made through discussion, so don't complain.
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によって・による – Diskusi Tata Bahasa
Balasan Terbaru (total 14)
Daru
Rather than an exclusion or new use, it’s really just a use of the grammar point.
“It was made by the means of” becomes the basic meaning!
ThiagoIanuch
I don’t understand when to use によって instead of による
Asher
Sorry for the late reply on this one! In general, regardless of the grammar point, the difference between the て form and the base form of a verb is how it interacts with the rest of the sentence. Basically, the difference is as follows.
(A) 〜て (B)
(A) is not directly linked to (B), but sets the precedence for further explanation. For example よく走って、健康になる ‘Run often and get healthy’. Using the same logic with によって, 教師によって、授業の内容が変わる ‘Depending on the teacher, the content of a class will change’. (B) elaborates on (A)'s setup.
(A) る (B)
(A) is directly linked to (B), so becomes an extension of it. For example よく走る人 ‘A person that often runs’. Using the same logic with による, 天気によるもの ‘something that depends on the weather’. (B) is the main focus and (A) is just an explanatory statement.
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