使い方・接続
(Transitive) Verb[て]+ ある
詳細
使用域
Standard
使用域
一般
あまり見かけない漢字
有る
「てある 」の情報
Like 'verb + ている', 'verb + てある ' is a structure that will convey an ongoing state. However, that is where the similarities stop. てある may only be used with transitive verbs, and highlights the object itself as being the subject of the sentence (rather than the initial person/thing that performed the action).
Because ある is being used, it highlights the object as being inanimate (or unable to undo the action that was performed on it). Due to this, てある is regularly translated as 'to be left (A)', or 'to remain (A)', where (A) is the original verb that somebody performed on the object.
予約 - Reservation (requires time investment to reserve)
準備 - Preparation (requires time investment to prepare)
録音 - Recording (requires time investment to make the recording)
In situations that involve no real preparation (opening a door, for example), を will be preferred when marking the object.
Because ある is being used, it highlights the object as being inanimate (or unable to undo the action that was performed on it). Due to this, てある is regularly translated as 'to be left (A)', or 'to remain (A)', where (A) is the original verb that somebody performed on the object.
- あなたの弁当は机の上に置いてあるよ。I have left you lunch on the table. (Literally 'your lunch is in the state of having been left on the table')
- 車は駐車場の真ん中に止めてある 。I parked the car in the middle of the parking lot. (Literally 'your car is in the state of having been stopped in the carpark')
- 庭にトウモロコシが植えてある から気を付けてね。Corn has been planted in the yard, so please be careful. (Literally 'corn is in the state of having been planted')
予約 - Reservation (requires time investment to reserve)
準備 - Preparation (requires time investment to prepare)
録音 - Recording (requires time investment to make the recording)
In situations that involve no real preparation (opening a door, for example), を will be preferred when marking the object.
同義語
例文
このドアは開けてある。
This door has been left open.
明日の準備をしてあるので、もう寝ます。
I have done my preparation for tomorrow so I am going to bed.
テレビ台の上に置いてあるよ。
It has been placed on top of the TV stand.
明日の準備してあるんですか。
Have tomorrow's preparations been done?
もう晩ご飯を作ってあるから、早く帰って来て。
Dinner has already been made, so hurry home.
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オンライン
How to use 〜てある
MaggieSensei
What's the difference between ~てある and ~た (past form)?
JStackExchange
オフライン
Genki II 1st Edition
Page 184
みんなの日本語 II
Page 36 [CH 30]
Genki II 2nd Edition
Page 214
[DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
Page 2 & 76
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 119
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「てある 」に関する文法ディスカッション
最近の返信 (合計10件)
airblaster
Great explanation, thanks!
Maybe the information about it usually being used with intransitive verbs could be added to the summary of ている2?
durtle9831
Are there any reason or nuance behind the usage of を in situations where preparations are done?
It’s that the beginner-level textbooks don’t acknowledge that deviation makes me believe It’s either solely stylistic choice or too sophisticated to take care of as of right now.But if I were to make a guess it’s because the subject transfers from the preparations themselves to the thing we’re making preparations for (sorry if that makes little sense).
Zepp
In the sentence which asks for a remaining state and the hint “have~thought”
次の劇団のセリフをもう___から、早く書きたい。 [考える]Doesn’t 考えていた kinda have the same meaning as 考えてある in the sense of have~thought?
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