文法の説明

N5 レッスン 6: 13/13

な (Prohibitive)Do not, Don't (Prohibitive)

使い方・接続

Verb +

詳細

  • 品詞

    助詞

  • 単語の種類

    終助詞

  • 使用域

    一般

「な」の情報

is classified as a sentence ending particle in Japanese. When attached to the base (dictionary) form of a verb, it has the nuance of strongly demanding that someone 'not' do something.

反意語


例文

--:--

    ()くな

    Don't go.

    ここサッカーするな

    Don't play soccer here.

    ()くな

    Don't cry.

    一人(ひとり)するな

    Don't do it alone.

    これ不味(まず)!」って()うな

    Don't say, 'This tastes bad!'

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  • オンライン


    • オフライン

        • [DBJG] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar

          Page 46 & 266

        • Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide

          Page 183

        • みんなの日本語 II

          Page 54 [CH 33]

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      「な」に関する文法ディスカッション

      最近の返信 (合計10件)

      • Jake

        Jake

        don’t

        Structure

        • Verb +

        [strong demand/order not to do something]

        View on Bunpro

      • fernieAlpha

        fernieAlpha

        Is this commonly used?

        Tae Kim’s guide says this in The command form section:

        We will go over the command form in the interest of covering all the possible verb conjugations. In reality, the command form is rarely used as Japanese people tend to be too polite to use imperatives.

        Does that also apply to the negative command?

      • mrnoone

        mrnoone

        Hey and welcome on community forums!

        Like Tae Kim says, Japanese people are polite, command forms are mostly used in inner circles of friends, in parent-child situations, and emotional/ emergency situations.

        In general ないで(ください) is the default one.

        Cheers,

      • deltacat3

        deltacat3

        I sometimes see な in various kinds of drawn out forms (なあ・なー・なぁ). Does this change change anything, or add a kind of “feeling” to the prohibition or when asking for confirmation?

      • matt_in_mito

        matt_in_mito

        Hi
        If you see なあor なぁ, it is almost always a colloquial replacement for ね or よ. Further to this, な on its own is also used as a replacement for ね or よ very often. Like with so much in Japanese, it’s about reading the context as well as the words themselves.
        For example, if my friend texts me and says 今晩ゆっくりするな, depending on the situation, it could mean “tonight I’m going to relax” or “don’t relax tonight!” Obviously I would know which it was depending on the context of the conversation with my friend.

      • FredKore

        FredKore

        Can someone break down this sentence?
        勝手に宣伝してるな?
        “Do you advertise without permission?” (according to Google)

        宣伝してる is casual speak, present progressive, so “[you are] advertising”.
        な when used with plain form in a statement is “don’t!”.
        But how do you put this together? How do you translate negative command with question with present progressive?

        How would this be different without な?
        勝手に宣伝してる?

        (Context: This is from a translation of Ralph Breaks the Internet when the stormtrooper sees Vanellope and says “Do you have a permit for that pop-up? That’s unauthorized clickbait!”)

      • Pushindawood

        Pushindawood

        @FredKore Hey! This な is different from the grammar point associated with this thread. The な in

        is closer to ね, which is used to seek the listener’s agreement/confirmation or express something after consideration.

        So, the sentence is closer to “You are advertising without permission, aren’t you(?)/right?”

        Hope this helps! Cheers!

      • Laugerizor

        Laugerizor

        Is the answer ここから、写真しゃしんを とってはいけない ungrammatical? I get “wrong answer”, but in case it is not ungrammatical a hint that this is not the right grammar point might be more helpful.

      • znic1998

        znic1998

        Hey! I’m back with more questions. Based on the example sentence it seems that this can only be used with verbs in their dictionary form. I am correct with making that assumption. I’m assuming there will grammar later to cover more imperatives but I just want to be sure.

      • FredKore

        FredKore

        That’s correct. The negative imperative is (plain verb)-な.
        The positive imperative is either (う-verb, え-ending) or (る-verb stem + ろ).

        まつな! Don’t wait!
        まて! Wait!

        たべるな! Don’t eat!
        たべろ! Eat!

        (I can’t seem to find the Bunpro page for positive imperative though.)

      • znic1998

        znic1998

        Thanks, @FredKore I will ever use it since apparently it is quite rude, but good to know

      「な」について質問がありますか? 話し合ったり、質問をしてみんなで学びましょう!

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