Bunpro N2 [Grammar]

Lesson 1

Possibilities and Intentions

文法

N2

得（え）る

Is able to, Can, Possible

得（え）ない

ざるを得（え）ない

Can't help doing, Have no choice but

文法

N2

つもりで

With the intention of doing, Instead of..., Act as if or pretend, Believing that..., Thinking that...

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N2

どうせ

Anyhow, At any rate, In any case, I have no doubt that, Probably

せめて

どうやら

Apparently, Looks Like, Seems like

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N2

なにやら

Something (or other), Some kind of

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N2

より他（ほか）ない

To have no choice but, No other way than, Have to

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N2

一応（いちおう） ①

Just in case, Just to be sure

確（たし）かに

一応（いちおう） ②

more or less, for the time being, tentatively, roughly

文法

N2

に相違（そうい）ない

Without a doubt, Certainly, Surely, Not mistaken

文法

N2

万（まん）が一（いち）

Just in case, In the worst-case scenario, In the unlikely event, By any chance

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N2

様（よう）がない

There's no way to, It's impossible to

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N2

に他（ほか）ならない

Nothing but, None other than, Simply

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N2

っこない

There is no chance of, There is no way of, Impossible

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N2

それなら

Then, If that's the case

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N2

ものなら ①

If, If one could, If something would be possible

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N2

に任（まか）せる

Leave 〜 up to, Entrust 〜 to

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N2

活（い）かす

To make use of (something), To take full advantage of, To capitalize on, To leverage (skills), Bring out (the quality of)

文法

N2

まい

Won't, Intend not to, Probably not

～ざる

おおよそ

Approximately, Roughly, About, Outline, Gist

Lesson 2

Directions and Markers of Following

文法

N2

上（じょう）

From the standpoint of

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N2

上（うえ）に

As well, Besides, In addition to

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N2

以上（いじょう） ②

Since, Now that, As long as, If

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N2

以上（いじょう）に

More than, No less than, Even more

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N2

途中（とちゅう）に

On the way, Partway, In the middle of

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N2

中（なか）を

In, On, Into, Inside of

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N2

を中心（ちゅうしん）に

Focused on, Centered on or around, Mainly, Most notably

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その上（うえ）

Besides, In addition, Furthermore

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N2

上（うえ）は

Once, Since, Now that, As long as

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N2

の下（もと）で

Under, Under the supervision of, On the basis of

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N2

後（あと）の + (Noun)

…left, Rest, Remaining, In, …to, …else

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N2

手前（てまえ）

Before, In front of, From one's standpoint or side

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N2

を巡（めぐ）って

Concerning, In regard to, About, (Split) over

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N2

に渡（わた）って

Across, Throughout, Extends, Over (a period of time or range)

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N2

に沿（そ）って

Along, In accordance with, In line with

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N2

～た末（すえ）

After, As a conclusion of

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に従（したが）って

As, Following, As then, According to, In accordance with

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N2

に伴（ともな）って

As, Due, Along with, Hand-in-hand with, Resulted in, Be consequent upon

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N2

に就（つ）き

Due to, On account of, Each or every

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N2

に付（つ）け

Whenever, Every time something happens

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N2

に関（かか）わる

To relate to, To have to do with, Concerning, Depends on

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N2

に向（む）かって

Towards, To face, To head to

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N2

が気（き）になる

To be interested in, To be concerned about

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N2

に気（き）を付（つ）ける

Take care, Be careful, Pay attention, Make sure, Watch out

Lesson 3

Limitations and Restrictions

文法

N2

も構（かま）わず

Without worrying about

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N2

兼（か）ねる

Cannot, Be unable to, Hard to, Hesitant to

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N2

を除（のぞ）いて

Except, With the exception of, Unless

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N2

兼（か）ねない

Might, Could be, Capable of, Possible

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N2

に関（かか）わらず

Regardless of, Whether or, No matter, With or without

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N2

にも拘（かか）わらず

Despite, In spite of, Regardless, Nevertheless

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N2

に限（かぎ）って

Particularly when, Those who, Only when

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N2

に限（かぎ）らず

Not just, Not only… but also

尚（なお） ①

尚（なお） ②

In addition, Incidentally, Furthermore, Moreover

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N2

限（かぎ）り

As long as, While… is the case, Limited to

次第（しだい）だ

次第（しだい）に

～てこそ

Only if, Because, By, Unless, Until

文法

N2

を問（と）わず

Regardless of, Whether or not, No matter, With or without

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N2

より仕方（しかた）がない

There is no choice but, Can't be helped, Inevitable

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N2

に越（こ）したことはない

There is nothing better than, It is the best, Would be the best

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N2

要（よう）するに

To sum up, In summary, In short

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N2

てからでないと

(Not) unless ~ cannot, (Not) until ~ cannot

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N2

なくはない

It's not that…, Kind of, might, Slightly, Somewhat, In some respects

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N2

ない事（こと）には～ない

Unless you do something

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N2

ないではいられない

Cannot help doing something, Cannot resist doing something

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N2

ねばなら + ぬ

Must, Have to, Should

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給（たま）え

(Please) do!, Ask to, Beg to, (Order somebody to do something)

Lesson 4

When or During

の内（うち）で

つつ

つつも

Even while ~ing, Even though ~ing, Despite ~ing, Although ~ing

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に際（さい）して

On the occasion of, At the time of

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N2

際（さい）に

When, At the time of, In case of, On the occasion of

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に当（あ）たって

When, When doing something, On the occasion, At the time

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N2

を契機（けいき）に

Lead to, As a good opportunity to, As a result of, As a trigger

つつある

～所（ところ）に

At the time, When, While, Timing

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N2

か〜ないかの内（うち）に

Right after, As soon as, Just when, Barely

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N2

掛（が）けに

On the way to, As you go

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N2

ていては

If one keeps doing something, When, If something is...

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N2

ところだった ②

Was just about to do something, Was in the middle of...

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N2

どころではない

This is not the time for…, Far from, Out of the question

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N2

振（ぶ）りに

For the first time in, Haven't done for some time

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N2

～ては

If, With, Since, Because

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N2

～ては〜ては

Repeating action, If, Since

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N2

も又（また）

Too, Also (with more emphasis than も alone), Again

Lesson 5

It All Starts or Ends With

結果（けっか）

以来（いらい）

に先立（さきだ）ち

Before, Prior to, In preference over

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N2

果（は）たして

Wonder if ~ (really)?, Wonder how ~ (actually)?, Sure enough, As expected

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甲斐（かい）がある

To be (not) worth, To (not) pay off

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やがて

Before long, All too soon, In the end, Eventually

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N2

従（したが）って

Therefore, Thus, As a result

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挙句（あげく）

After, In the end, After all, Eventually

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切（き）っ掛（か）け

Lead to, Because of, As a start or trigger of, An opportunity

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にかけては

When it comes to, Regarding, Concerning

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疾（と）っくに

Already, A long time ago, Long ago

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未（いま）だに

Still, Not yet, Even now

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を元（もと）に

Based on, From, According to

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からには

As long as, Since, Given

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いつの間（ま）にか

Suddenly, Unnoticed, Without noticing, Too soon

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N2

一旦（いったん）

Once …, If … for a short time, Temporarily (stop), For now or the time being

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N2

は元（もと）より

Not only... but also, Let alone, Of course

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N2

そうにない

Unlikely to, Showing no signs of

Lesson 6

For and Against, Through and Without

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N2

に反（はん）して

Go against, Contrary to

逆（ぎゃく）に

反面（はんめん）

While, On the other hand, Although, However, On the flip side

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N2

抜（ぬ）く

All~, Completely, See through, Overcome, To the bitter end

抜（ぬ）きで

愈々（いよいよ）

At last, Finally, More and more

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N2

ずに済（す）む

Get by without doing something, To get away with

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N2

に応（おう）じて

Depending or based on, According to, In response to, Suitable for or to

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を通（つう）じて

Through, Via, Throughout

に応（こた）えて

それとも

にしたら

From the point of view of

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N2

にしても～にしても

Regardless of whether

としては

としても

Even if (we assume), Assuming, Also as

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それにしても

Nevertheless, Even so

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N2

ぬ

Classical negative, Classical verb [ない]

事無（ことな）く

にて

In, At, With, Using, By

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N2

には

In order to, In regard to, For

Lesson 7

Thoughts and Expressions

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N2

思（おも）う様（よう）に

As one hopes, As desired, As one thought

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かと思（おも）うと

Then again, Just when I thought, No sooner than

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N2

～ばと思（おも）います

I would appreciate it if, If you could, I would like to think that

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N2

と言（い）うものでもない

There is no guarantee that…, Not necessarily

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N2

と考（かんが）えられる

Can be considered as, Is thought to be, One can think that, It is conceivable that

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N2

と言（い）う点（てん）から考（かんが）えると

From the standpoint of, From the perspective of, From the viewpoint of, Think in terms of, Viewed from the angle of

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N2

と言（い）う事（こと）は

That means, That is to say

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風（ふう）に

~ way, In a way that suggests, Like ~

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と言（い）う風（ふう）に

As if to say, As if to suggest that, In such a way that, Things like

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N2

ものの

Although, But, Even Though

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と言（い）うものだ

Speaker's impression, Criticism or conclusion

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から見（み）ると

From the point of view of, By the look of

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ところを見（み）ると

Judging from, Seeing that

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からすると

Judging from, Considering

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からして

Even..., Judging from, Based on

からといって

そういえば

Speaking of which, By the way, Come to think of it

文法

N2

お～願（ねが）う

Please, Could you please

～て頂戴（ちょうだい）

とか

I heard that… something like, They said ... or something

文法

N2

う・よう + ではないか

Let's do something, Why don't we

かの様（よう）だ

のではないでしょうか

I think ... isn't it?, It might be that..., Don't you agree?

Lesson 8

It Is The Way It Is

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N2

～て当然（とうぜん）だ

Natural, As a matter of course

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のも当然（とうぜん）だ

It is only natural that, It is no wonder

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たったの

Only, Just, No more than

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N2

恐（おそ）れがある

There is a risk or fear that, Be in danger of, Possibility of

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N2

恐（おそ）らく

Probably, Perhaps, (Most) likely, (I) fear that

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N2

ものか

Definitely not, Absolutely not, Impossible, Do you really think~?

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N2

お負（ま）けに

In addition, On top of that, What is more, To make matters worse

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N2

に決（き）まっている

Surely, Bound to, Certainly, Be decided

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N2

事（こと）になっている

To be expected to, To be scheduled to

気（き）

気（げ）

Seemingly, Giving appearance of, [Expresses emotions or feelings]

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N2

事（こと）だから

It is exactly because

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N2

ものだから

Because, The reason is

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N2

ものですから

Because, My excuse is, My explanation is

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N2

ものがある

Strong judgement, There is something, Feel strongly that

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N2

傾向（けいこう）がある

Tendency, Trend, Inclination

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N2

～に値（あたい）する

Be worthy of, Deserving of, Amounts to

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N2

～てしょうがない

Extremely, Very, Really, It can't be helped

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N2

だけましだ

At least, It's better than..., One should feel grateful for

幸（さいわ）いなことに

様（よう）では

If, If it is true that

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N2

流石（さすが）

as one would expect, only natural, that is just like..., even

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N2

ことは〜が

It is true...but, although, but

Lesson 9

Extents and Intervals

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N2

更（さら）に

Even more or further, Again, More and more

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N2

精々（せいぜい）

(At) most , (At) best, No more than, Barely

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N2

僅（わず）かに

Only, Slightly, A little, Barely, Merely

弱（じゃく）

強（きょう）

及（およ）び

忽（たちま）ち

Immediately, Quickly, Suddenly, In a moment or flash

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N2

いきなり

For no reason, Suddenly, All of a sudden

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N2

といった

Such as, Like, So much as

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N2

を込（こ）めて

Full of, Filled with, With ～

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N2

に加（くわ）えて

Not only...but also, In addition, Not to mention

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N2

何（なに）から何（なに）まで

Everything and anything, From A to Z, From head to toe, Everything

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N2

は別（べつ）として

Apart from, (Setting) aside, Whether or, Except for, Save for

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N2

だけに

As might be expected, Because, All the more because, It's only natural

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N2

だけは

To do all that one can, As much or many ~ as one could

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N2

だけあって

Is only natural, …Being the case, Because, As might be expected

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N2

何（なに）より

Be glad, Be relieved, Most, Best, Above all else, More than anything

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N2

何（なん）と言（い）っても

By any account, All the same, No doubt

文法

N2

か何（なに）か

Or something, Or something like that

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N2

～てならない

Very, Extremely, Can't help but do

のみ

のみならず

Not only...but, Not just...but, What is more

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N2

それなのに

And yet, Despite this

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N2

いわゆる

What is called, So-called, Generally known

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N2

に過（す）ぎない

No more than, Just, Merely

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N2

も～ば～も

…And…, Both ... and ..., ... And ... as well

Lesson 10

Whether or Regardless

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N2

でしかない

Merely, Nothing but, No more than

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N2

～て堪（たま）らない

Can't help but want to, Very, Extremely

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N2

にせよ

Even if, Even though, No matter, Whether… or

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N2

何（なに）しろ

No wonder, After all, In fact, Because, At any rate

にしろ〜にしろ

は兎（と）も角（かく）

Setting aside, Apart from

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N2

やら〜やら

Whether or, Things like, And … so on

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N2

しかしながら

However, Nevertheless, But

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N2

事（こと）にはならない

Just because… doesn't mean…

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N2

だけのことはある

No wonder, Not surprising that, As expected

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N2

～ては成（な）らない

Must not, Cannot, Should not

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N2

陸（ろく）に～ない

Not well or properly, Not much or enough, Barely, Hardly

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N2

～ては居（い）られない

Can't afford to, Unable to

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N2

しかも

Moreover, Furthermore

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N2

～てでも

Even if I have to, By any or all means, No matter what

とも

ない訳（わけ）にはいかない

Can't not, No way to avoid

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N2

と言（い）う訳（わけ）ではない

It is not that, It doesn't mean that, It is not always the case

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N2

のも尤（もっと）もだ

May well, Have or has good reason for, No wonder, … Is only natural

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N2

たって

Even if, Even though, No matter how

文法

N2

ならともかく

If it's (A), sure, but (B), Putting aside (A), (B)