もののAlthough, But, Even Though

ものの expresa contraste, similar a 'si bien' en español, y muestra que aunque una cosa es cierta, otra la contradice. が también expresa contraste, pero su matiz es más débil y, en algunos casos, se limita a presentar una afirmación sin sugerir contraste. が es más general, mientras que ものの es más específico. Ambos son formales y más comunes en la escritura que en el habla informal.

Tanto ものの como けれども pueden aparecer al final de una oración para expresar contraste. けれども (o su versión informal けど) suele expresar un contraste sencillo o añadir contexto, y se usa en una gran variedad de situaciones. En cambio, ものの conlleva el matiz específico de 'si bien (A) es cierto, (B) no lo es' y es menos coloquial, encontrándose más habitualmente en la escritura y los discursos formales.

Both express concession but differ in tone. にもかかわらず is formal and often used in writing to highlight strong contrast or surprise, as in 雨にもかかわらず試合が行われた (The game was held despite the rain). ものの is less formal and means even though or but, as in 雨が降ったものの試合は行われた (It rained, but the game was held).

Both express contrast between expectation and reality. つつ(も) implies that an action continues over time while another, opposing reality exists, as in 危険だと知りつつも挑戦した (I knew it was dangerous, yet I tried). ものの simply means although/even though, without emphasizing continuation, as in 雨は降ったものの試合は行われた (It rained, but the game was held).

ものを and ものの are similar in that both can express contrast (i.e. 'although'), but ものを specifically contrasts something that was expected to happen with what actually happened because the action was not done, e.g. みんなで協力すればいいものを ('although it would have been good if you had all cooperated'), while ものの can be used for general contrasts 毎朝走っているものの、足はあまり速くない ('Although I run every morning, I'm not that fast.'). Additionally, ものを will most often come at the end of a sentence, while ものの will be followed by the reason or unexpected result.

のに and ものの both express contrast, but differ in nuance and tone. のに is more casual and often conveys disappointment or regret. It can also end a sentence to imply 'If only (A)!'. ものの is more formal and means 'although (A), (B) didn't follow as expected,' often with an implicit contrast. Unlike のに, it is not generally used alone at the end of a sentence..

Both ものの and 割に express contrast, but in different ways. ものの links two opposing facts to mean 'despite', e.g. '話せるものの、字は読めない' ('Despite the fact that he can speak, he can't read characters'). 割に describes a quality being out of proportion with something else, e.g. '高い割にはあまり美味しくない' ('For being expensive, it's not very tasty').