Infos sur Grammaire
N5 Leçon 9: 8/13
なくてはいけないMust do, Have to do
Also used to express duty or necessity. Click here if you are curious about なくて conjugation
Structure
Verb[ない]+ なくては + いけない
Verb[ない]+ なくちゃ + いけない
Détails
Classe grammaticale
Expression
Type de mot
Auxiliary Verb
Niveau de langue
Formal
À propos de なくてはいけない
Much like てはいけない, なくてはいけない states that something 'must not' be done. However, this is where the similarities end. なくてはいけない is an example of a double negative in Japanese, and actually has the meaning '(A) must be done', or 'must do (A)'.
While this grammar point is usually translated as 'must do', the literal translation is 'must not, not do (A)'. This double 'not' is where many learners have difficulties. いけない simply means 'cannot go', and comes from the negative potential form of 行く.
To use this structure, simply create the negative form of a verb, and then convert ない to なく (the conjunctive form of an い-Adjective), followed by て. After this, は is added, and then finally いけない.
いけない is considered to be the most common structure used with the 'must', and 'must not' grammar points, and is natural in both speech, and written Japanese. Alternatively, ならない may be used in formal speech, but is much better suited to writing. だめ is also acceptable, but much more casual than either いけない or ならない.
Caution
The ては in なくては is often converted to ちゃ, as this is easier to say. なくちゃ may then be followed by いけない, or いけない may be omitted, without changing the meaning.
These casual structures are very similar to words like 'gotta' in English.
Synonymes
Antonymes
Contenu lié
Exemples
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テストの前に、よく寝なくてはいけない。
Avant un test, tu dois bien dormir.
12月になってから、暖房をつけなくてはいけない。
Une fois décembre arrivé, il faut allumer le chauffage.
来週は試合があるので、たくさん練習しなくてはいけない。
Parce que j'ai un match la semaine prochaine, je dois beaucoup m'entraîner.
今日はいい天気だから、外で遊ばなくてはいけない。
Parce qu'il fait beau aujourd'hui, je dois jouer dehors.
まだやりたいことがあるけど、もう寝なくてはいけない。
Il y a encore des choses que je veux faire, mais je dois déjà dormir.
Phrases personnalisées
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なくてはいけない – Discussion Grammaire
Réponses les plus récentes (21 au total)
nekoyama
This “long form” and “short form” isn’t a grammar term; it refers to whether bunpro wants an unabbreviated way to say “must” or a shorter, more colloquial one (e.g. なくてはいけない vs なくちゃ).
て and ば refer to which pattern to say “must” is used (…なくては… vs. …なければ…, and …ないと… also exists).
いく refers to which word is used in the second part (いけない / ならない / だめ) if one exists.
Marcus
Thank you so much! I’m going to be copying all that down in a minute, it’s so useful. I really, really struggle with Japanese and this grammar is killing me, but your answer helps a lot! Thank you so much! Much appreciated!
Asher
Thanks for the reply here @nekoyama ! Yes, the long form/short form hints are actually just abbreviated/unabbreviated. The ‘tense’ hints are something that we will be making universal between all grammar points in the very near future, with as clear language as possible. There are still a lot of questions in the database that use things that are a little sub-optimal right now.
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