Infos sur Grammaire
N5 Leçon 9: 9/13
なくてはならないMust do, Have to do
Also used to express duty or necessity. Click here if you are curious about なくて conjugation
Structure
Verb[ない]+ なくては + ならない
Verb[ない]+ なくちゃ + ならない
Détails
Classe grammaticale
Expression
Type de mot
Auxiliary Verb
Niveau de langue
Formal
À propos de なくてはならない
Much like てはならない, なくてはならない states that something 'must not' be done. However, this is where the similarities end. なくてはならない is an example of a double negative in Japanese, and actually has the meaning '(A) must be done', or 'must do (A)'.
While this grammar point is usually translated as 'must do', the literal translation is 'must not, not do (A)'. This double 'not' is where many learners have difficulties. ならない simply means 'cannot become', and comes from the negative form of なる.
To use this structure, simply create the negative form of a verb, and then convert ない to なく (the conjunctive form of an い-Adjective), followed by て. After this, は is added, and then finally ならない.
ならない is considered to be the most formal structure out of ならない, いけない, and だめ. It is regularly used in formal writing, or semi-formal/formal speech. いけない (the most common variation) and だめ (the most casual variation) are also acceptable in many situations.
Caution
The ては in なくては is often shortened to ちゃ, as this is easier to say. なくちゃ may then be followed by ならない. However, due to ならない being quite formal, なくちゃ (a casual structure) will not be used with ならない on a regular basis. It is more common to see なくちゃ paired with いけない, or だめ.
These casual structures are very similar to words like 'gotta' in English.
Synonymes
Antonymes
Contenu lié
Exemples
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毎日勉強をしなくてはならない。
Tu dois faire tes études tous les jours.
3時半までに、銀行に行かなくてはならない。
Avant 15h30, je dois aller à la banque.
もう二時ですか!まだお弁当食べてないです。食べなくてはならない。
Il est déjà deux heures ?! Je n'ai pas encore mangé mon bento. Je dois manger.
京都で電車を降りなくてはならない。
Je dois descendre du train à Kyoto.
君が決めなくてはならないよ。
Tu dois décider.
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なくてはならない – Discussion Grammaire
Réponses les plus récentes (33 au total)
Fripi
I Feel you so much! I gave up and created a short cheat sheet to manage the forms + formality level and neighbouring forms as well. I was so annoyed about these forms it was surreal. Now I just use the cheat sheet to get it drilled into my head a bit better.
ddavo
@Fripi Oh, can you share it please? I think it will be helpful for everyone.
Fripi
I have made it by hand in my notes, so I have to physically go there to check on something… Therefore no digital copy of that and my handwriting is so bad I couldnt just take a picture
It just adds all the forms I kept mistaking on one page and wrote specifically the requested form (Casual, Formal, Very Formal) behind them so i would end up with the right one. it still isn’t perfect, but I was beating myself up about it before and now I have zero stress and somehow already know it most of the time. Switched to give it one try without and then look up, if I still mess it up then use the “solve” button.
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