文法の説明

N4 レッスン 2: 5/17

またAlso, As well, Moreover, Again, Additionally

使い方・接続

また + Phrase

詳細

  • 使用域

    一般

  • あまり見かけない漢字

    叉・又

「また」の情報

また, or 又(また) in its kanji form, is an expression which means 'again', 'additionally', 'also', or 'moreover'. This may seem confusing at first, but it may be easier to think of また as meaning 'repetition of (A)', where (A) is any particular course of action. This repetition is a bit different to English, in that it can express the same action, or an alternative option. また can be used as an adverb, or as a conjunction. In this lesson, we will focus on its use as a conjunction.

As with many other conjunctions in Japanese, a phrase/sentence can begin with また, so long as that sentence expresses a complete thought.

Due to また being quite different to any single word that we have in English, let's try to make the meaning a bit clearer. Imagine that '(A) action always has (B) result'. However, the action which leads to the (B) result could be many different things. Because of this, また can have the following meanings.

The same (A) action is taken - Has the nuance of 'again', or 'moreover'.

A different (A) action is taken - Has the nuance of 'also', and 'additionally'.

関連

例文

--:--

    また寝坊(ねぼう)したの？

    You overslept again?

    またその夢(ゆめ)を見(み)たい。

    I want to dream that dream again.

    また、彼(かれ)からチョコをもらった。

    Moreover, I received chocolate from him.

    私(わたし)は、また旅行(りょこう)に行(い)くつもりです。

    I intend to go on another trip. (again)

    明日(あした)から、また授業(じゅぎょう)が始(はじ)まります。

    Class will start again from tomorrow.

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      「また」に関する文法ディスカッション

      最近の返信 (合計7件)

      • Jake

        Jake

        also・as well, moreover・again, additionally

        Structure

        • また + Phrase

        View on Bunpro

      • max99x

        max99x

        • Why does また mean moreover in “また、彼はチョコを買ってくれた。” while it means again in all the other examples? Is it the comma/pause?
        • In “また同じことが起きたから、どんどんイライラしてきた。”, shouldn’t 起きた be 起こりた?
      • mrnoone

        mrnoone

        Hey and sorry for the late answer! @max99x

        Depending on the context, また can mean both:

        1. repetition of things (again)
          母「おばさんとキーちゃんが来るから部屋を片けておいて。」
          逆らう子供「また？先週来たけど。」
          Mother: "Aunt and Ki-chan are coming, so clean your room (in advance).
          Rebellious child: “Again? They came last week…”

        2. joining things (moreover, also)
          このスマホは面面(don’t confuse with 面々！)がいい。また、いい写真を撮れる。
          This smartphone has good screen. Moreover, it can make good photos.

        Both 起きた and 起こった work.

        また同じことが起きたから、どんどんイライラしてきた。
        また同じことが起こったから、どんどんイライラしてきた。

        You can also change どんどん to ますます without changing meaning.
        起きる is simply more versailte, meaning both “to happen” and “to wake up”, while 起こる means only “to happen”.

        I hope it helps!
        Cheers!

      • tai

        tai

        In the case of 「このスマホは面面がいい。また、いい写真を撮れる。」 It’s pretty obvious that また doesn’t mean “again”, but in the case of the 「また、彼はチョコを買ってくれた。」, “again” feels like the more natural interpretation to me as a non-native learner.

        Without context, is there any way to discern that in「また、彼はチョコを買ってくれた。」, the 「また」 more likely means or implies moreover as opposed to again? (as mentioned, maybe the pause/comma?) Or would the standalone sentence without context be ambiguous to native readers/listeners too?

      • Shinzo

        Shinzo

        Would like to know this as well. When I read the sentence back, there is no way I would assume また is supposed to mean “moreover” here. It would be totally plausible in my opinion to assume that “he” gave the speaker chocolate again. Maybe this is said by a girl on who “he” has a crush on and she is annoyed by receiving the chocolate? Never know without context.

        Is it possible to exclude a single sentence from a grammar point? Since there is only one example for また being interpreted as “moreover”, I would rather exclude this single sentence.

      • Fuga

        Fuga

        Hey @tai @Shinzo !

        As a native speaker, I assumed that this sentence was using the ‘moreover’ translation instead of the ‘again’ because of the comma. The pause between また and 彼 changes the nuance from ‘again’ to ‘moreover/additionally’ and gives the sentence a different nuance. It is safe to assume that if a comma is used after また, it means ‘moreover’.

        I hope that answers your question!

      • Guguru-san

        Guguru-san

        I think a big issue with this lesson is that it states it will focus on また used as a conjunction (“moreover”) when it mostly contains examples for its use as an adverb (“again”).

      • casual

        casual

        I’m not good with part of speech classification and other terminology, so let me see if I understand correctly.

        A jp-jp dictionary (又／亦／復（また）とは？ 意味・読み方・使い方をわかりやすく解説 - goo国語辞書) defines 3 types of 又:

        ① 副、 that would be 副詞 adverb

        1. ふたたび、 “one more time”, “again”.
        2. 同じく、“in the same way”, “also”
        3. 別、別の機会、“some other time”
        4. その上に、“in addition”, “also”
        5. それにしても、expression of surprise, “wow”

        ② 接、 that would be 接続詞 conjunction

        1. ならびに、“as well as”, “and also”
        2. その上、“in addition”, “also”
        3. あるいは、“alternatively”, “or”

        ③ 接頭、prefix of indirectness in words like 又聞き

        Usages ①4 and ②2 seem to have the same definition, but examples for conjunctive usage join 2 sentences/clauses together, and adverbial examples do not.

        With this in mind, let’s look at Bunpro examples.

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