それなのにAnd yet, Despite this

のに expresses contrast, similar to 'although,' and follows verbs, adjectives, or nouns (with な for nouns and な-adjectives). It's typically used at the end of a phrase or sentence. それなのに is a related form used at the beginning of a sentence, meaning 'and yet' or 'despite that,' with それ referring back to the previous statement.

Both introduce contradiction. それにしても can mean even so or nevertheless, and can also be used to change topics, as in それにしても暑いね (Even so, it’s hot, isn’t it?). それなのに marks direct contrast, closer to and yet, as in 一生懸命勉強した。それなのに落ちた (I studied hard, and yet I failed).

Both can begin a sentence to introduce contrast, but differ in tone and nuance. もっとも is more formal and adds a condition that qualifies the previous statement, e.g. 全員来ました。もっとも、田中さんは遅れましたが 'Everyone came. That said, Tanaka was late.' それなのに is more casual and expresses surprise at an unexpected outcome, e.g. 雨だった。それなのに、試合は行われた 'It rained. And yet, the match was held.'

Both express contrast, but with different nuances and usage. ながらも attaches to verbs, adjectives, or nouns and conveys contradictory states, e.g. '緊張しながらもわくわくしている' ('While feeling anxious, I'm also excited'). それなのに is used at the start of a sentence to mean 'and yet', often with surprise, e.g. '８時間も寝た。それなのに眠い' ('I slept eight whole hours. But still, I'm sleepy').

それでも and それなのに both show contrast. それでも means 'even so' and sounds neutral, e.g. 雨だった。それでも行った ('It was rainy, but I went anyway.'). それなのに has a stronger emotional tone, often of disbelief or disapproval, e.g. 優しくした。それなのに怒られた ('I was nice and still got yelled at!').

Both introduce contrast. しかしながら is formal and neutral, used in writing or speeches, as in 実験は失敗した。しかしながら多くを学んだ (The experiment failed. Nevertheless, we learned a lot). それなのに is conversational and conveys surprise or disappointment, as in 約束した。それなのに来なかった (He promised, and yet he didn’t come).

Both express contrast, but differ in usage and implication. くせに follows a phrase and has a critical tone, e.g. 知っているくせに教えてくれない ('He knows but won't tell me.'), implying that the speaker is angry at the person. それなのに comes at the beginning of a sentence, is neutral, and expresses simple contradiction, e.g. 彼は真実を知っている。それなのに、教えてくれない ('He knows. And yet, he won't tell me.') with an objective nuance.