なんてSuch as, Things like, Emphasis

って casually introduces or refers back to a topic, e.g. あの人って優しいよね ('That person is really kind, huh?') なんか・なんて adds a dismissive or emotional tone, often implying downplaying or surprise, e.g. 私なんかにできるかな ('Can someone like me really do it?')

Both なんか・なんて and など can be used to give examples, like '(A) and so on' or 'things like (A)', but they differ in nuance and formality. など is neutral and used in both speech and writing. なんか・なんて are more casual and often carry a dismissive or belittling tone, like '(A) and whatever' or 'unimportant things like (A)'.

なんか・なんて and とか～とか both give examples, but differ in tone and usage. なんか・なんて usually follows a single noun to imply 'things like (A)', often with a dismissive or belittling nuance. とか～とか is used after each item in a list and simply means 'things like (A), (B), and so forth' without any negative implication.

Both add emphasis, but with opposite nuance. なんか・なんて often downplays or dismisses, while こそ highlights importance or exclusivity. The former can feel self-deprecating or casual, while the latter stresses that something uniquely applies. Compare 私なんかできるのかな？ ('I wonder if someone like me could do it?') versus 彼こそできる ('Him, if no one else, can do it.')

Both express that something is one example of a larger group, but differ in usage. といった is neutral and often used to classify or exemplify within a broader group, e.g. 'ピアノやギターといった楽器' ('musical instruments such as the piano and guitar'). なんか・なんて is more casual and implies a dismissive attitude, e.g. '宿題なんかしたくない' ('I don't want to do homework or anything like that').

まさか and なんか・なんて are both used to express surprise, but function in different ways. まさか comes at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize that what follows goes against the speaker's expectations, while なんて appears at the end of a sentence or phrase to express the same. Because they fill different roles, they are often used together. For example, まさか勝てるなんて！ ('To think we could win!' / 'I never thought we could win').