Structure
Noun + 中 (に)
Détails
Niveau de langue
Standard
À propos de 中
As a suffix, 中 is frequently used to highlight a period of time (or space). By attaching the case marking particle に to 中, the sentence can be modified to show that (B) is happening/existing throughout the timeframe/space of (A). This is often translated as 'throughout (A), (B)', or 'during (A), (B)'. First, let's take a look at 中 being used to show events that are in process.
Now, to show that a (B) event is happening within (A), simply add the case marking particle に to show a 'temporal location'. This will be done by attaching に to the end of any noun that you would like to indicate as the being the 'space' within which another thing exists/occurs.
In these examples, we can see that 中に is sometimes read/said as 中に. The basic rule for when to use ちゅう or when to use じゅう is as follows:
中に - Expresses a very specific (usually small) amount of time/space, or something that is not always the same (an amount of time/space that can change, depending on the person/situation). This 'thing' that ちゅう highlights is usually a 'process', and therefore means that (A) is 'in the process' of happening.
Examples - A meeting, class, visit to somewhere.
中に - Expresses a predetermined amount of time/space that will always remain the same, regardless of the person/situation. Therefore, じゅう does not highlight a 'process', but focuses on the 'length' or 'space' itself. This tends to mean 'all throughout', as it focuses on the full amount of time/space.
Examples - A day, year, house, town or country.
Caution
There is also a difference between 音読み (Chinese readings of words), and 訓読み (Japanese readings of words).
じゅう is used more frequently with 訓読み - (今年中, 夏休み中, 今晩中).
ちゅう is used more frequently with 音読み - (水中, 会議中, 試合中).
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Exemples
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一日中、勉強をした。
I studied (all) throughout the day.
授業中に、トイレに行きたくなった。
During class, I had to go to the bathroom.
食事中にスマホをいじるのはやめなさい。
Quit playing on your smartphone while you are eating!
まだ考え中だから、決めていないよ。
I am still in the process of thinking, so I haven't decided yet.
テスト中に私の携帯が鳴ってしまった。
My phone accidentally rang during the test.
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中 – Discussion Grammaire
Réponses les plus récentes (9 au total)
rinchan93
Can someone help me with the difference between 中 and 中に ?
Can に always be dropped? Does it add meaning like 間 and 間に?
I’m so confused…考え中 / 考え中に
世界中 / 世界中に
テスト中 / テスト中に
食事中 / 食事中にありがとうございました❣️
Fuga
Hey there!
に cant always be dropped, especially when it is used to mark a specific event/time when something happens as @Pushindawood has said.
考え中 / 考え中に While thinking/ at the time I was thinking
世界中 / 世界中に Around the world/ (at) Around the world
テスト中 / テスト中に During the test/ at the time the test was being taken
食事中 / 食事中に In the middle of eating/ at the time I was eatingWith and without the に, they both mean during~/while~/ throughout~/ in the process of~ , but the ones with に emphasizes that it is happening at a specific time. 今、テスト中。Would translate as ‘I’m in the middle of a test,’ and would not need to have a に. テスト中に電話がかかってきた。would translate as ‘My phone rang while I was taking a test’, and in this sentence you can see how the に was used to emphasize that the person got a phone call during a specific time.
I hope that makes a little more sense.
rinchan93
Yea! It does! Thanks for the quick reply! I appreciate your time
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