While 中に highlights that something is in the process of happening (when used in relation to events/actions), 最中に strengthens that meaning further, to show that something is 'right in the middle of happening'. As the kanji 最 means 'utmost', we can see that the literal meaning is 'utmost middle'. This can be translated in a similar way to phrases like 'at the height of (A)', or 'in the midst of (A)', in English.
When using 最中に, a (B) part of the sentence will usually highlight something else that happened during (A), somehow interrupting or disturbing it.
To use 最中に, attach it to the end of the ている form of a verb, or a noun followed by の.
Caution
最中 may also occasionally be used with adjectives, but this is uncommon. In these cases, the meaning is to be at the 'pinnacle' of whatever the adjective is describing (usually a feeling/emotion).
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Exemples
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それについては考えている最中です。
I am in the middle of thinking about that.
朝の散歩の最中に、犬に噛まれた。
I was bitten by a dog while in the middle of my morning walk.
寝ている最中に声をかけるのはやめてほしい。
I want you to stop trying to talk to me while I am sleeping.
テストの最中に眠ってしまった。
I fell asleep in the middle of taking the test.
話している最中に邪魔をするのはやめてほしい。
I want you to stop disturbing me while I am talking.
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で would not work with 最中 since it is a particle used to highlight the ‘place’ that is required for an action to take. Since 最中 is not a place に would be more natural to use since に is a particle that can be used for both ‘place’ and ‘time’.
I hope this helps!
bambusmatte
thank you
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