う・よう + とするTry to, Attempt to, To be about to

The grammar point 'Verb[volitional]とする' expresses the speaker's decision or intention to do something, often indicating a plan or goal. In contrast, 'まだ～ていません' is used to express that an action has not yet occurred or a state has not yet been reached, emphasizing the ongoing absence of the action or state.

Both can describe actions about to happen, but with different nuance. るところだ simply states that something is on the verge of occurring. Verb[volitional] + とする adds a sense of intent or effort, and is often used when the action may not actually happen, e.g. 子どもはなんでも食べようとする ('Kids will try to eat anything.'), where 食べるところだ wouldn't be appropriate.

Both of these use Verb [よう], the volitional form. On its own, it expresses a suggestion, e.g. 食べよう ('Let's eat.'). When combined with とする, it shows an attempt to do something, often one that fails, e.g. 食べようとしたけど ('I tried to eat it, but...'). The key difference is suggestion/proposal vs. attempted action.

ようにする (literally, 'do things in such a way as to X') expresses taking care to perform a certain action and often indicates a habitual effort. In contrast, Verb[volitional] + とする implies a one-time attempt to do something, often implying the attempt may not succeed. For example, 毎朝走るようにしている ('I'm making a habit of running every morning.') vs. １０キロ走ろうとしたけど ('I tried to run 10k, but...' implying 'but I couldn't finish', etc.).

Verb[volitional]とする and てみる are both translated as 'try', but the former implies attempting something that may not succeed, e.g. 話そうとした ('I tried to speak.'), which implies that maybe the attempt was unsuccessful. In contrast,てみる focuses on trying something to see the result, as in 話してみた ('I tried speaking.'), which has the nuance of doing so to see what it was like.