暑（あつ）い。 暑（あつ）いです。

寒（さむ）い。 寒（さむ）いです。

これは楽（たの）しい。 これは楽（たの）しいです。

猫（ねこ）はかわいい。 猫（ねこ）はかわいいです。

私（わたし）の家（いえ）は近（ちか）い。 私（わたし）の家（いえ）は近（ちか）いです。

ジョンの猫（ねこ）が大人（おとな）しい。 ジョンの猫（ねこ）が大人（おとな）しいです。

焼（や）きそばと焼（や）きさばは美味（おい）しい。 焼（や）きそばと焼（や）きさばは美味（おい）しいです。

ゲンドウさんは忙（いそが）しい。 ゲンドウさんは忙（いそが）しいです。

みそしるは熱（あつ）い。 みそしるは熱（あつ）いです。

日本語（にほんご）は難（むずか）しい。 日本語（にほんご）は難（むずか）しいです。

私（わたし）は怖（こわ）い。 私（わたし）は怖（こわ）いです。

リサとおたには面白（おもしろ）い。 リサとおたには面白（おもしろ）いです。

<div class='writeup-body'>A predicate is a word that describes the topic/subject of a sentence. The Japanese equivalent of this is a 述語（じゅつご）, which literally means 'statement word'. As a predicate, い-Adjectives can appear by themselves (when the word they are describing does not need to be stated), or they may be used at the end of a sentence.<ul class='writeup-examples--holder'><li class='writeup-example'><div class='writeup-example--japanese'>丸（まる）い。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'>It's round.</div></li><li class='writeup-example'><div class='writeup-example--japanese'>地球（ちきゅう）は丸（まる）い。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'>The earth is round.</div></li></ul>When there are no other words apart from the adjective itself, it comes across similar to 'It's cute', or 'It's hot', and similar expressions in English. We just have to guess what the 'it' is from context. In many sentences, either は or が could be used to mark the word/words that the predicate is describing. However, which one sounds more natural will depend on many factors. In general, if you are specifically pointing out something as being different from other things in the same category, が will be used.<ul class='writeup-examples--holder'><li class='writeup-example'><div class='writeup-example--japanese'>このお風呂（ふろ）は熱（あつ）い。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'>This bath is hot. (In general, it is hot)</div></li><li class='writeup-example'><div class='writeup-example--japanese'>このお風呂（ふろ）が熱（あつ）い。</div><div class='writeup-example--english'>This bath is hot. (Compared to other cooler baths)</div></li></ul>In this example, が is distinguishing this specific bath as having a unique level of hotness compared to others (maybe the water system is broken and only boiling water comes out). は would sound unnatural in this type of sentence, as it is not the 'normal' state of the bath.<div class='writeup-funfact'><div class='funfact-header'>Fun Fact</div>All い-Adjectives are words of Japanese origin.</div></div>

Grammar Info

い-Adjective + です (Predicate)

い-Adjective (Predicate)