とく・たる・てまう

About とく・たる・てまう

関西弁(かんさいべん) has abbreviations or alterations for several of the standard Japanese expressions that interact with the て form of verbs. Each of these behave in the same way as their counterparts:

とく - Replaces ておく (to do something in advance).

たる - Replaces てあげる (to so something for someone else).

てまう - Replaces てしまう (to do something completely/without realizing).

Both とく and たる will replace the て in whatever verb they appear with. However, まう will appear after て, in the same way as しまう.

Fun Fact

たる may appear to have nothing to do with てあげる, but this is simply because たる is an abbreviation/sound shift of てやる (the casual form of てあげる). However, because てやる is not often used in modern Japanese, たる is often likened to てあげる instead (despite てあげる not being its origin). Abbreviations are regularly created this way in Japanese, with the first and last sounds of two mora (kana syllables) creating one new sound. てお (from ておく) becomes と, and てや (from てやる) becomes た.

Fun Fact

In 関西弁(かんさいべん), there is actually a direct abbreviation of てあげる in the form of たげる. However, this is not used as often たる (the abbreviation of てやる).

Examples

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テストの前(まえ)に、よく寝(ね)ておく。
テストの前(まえ)に、よくねとく。

Before a test, I sleep well.

毎日(まいにち)勉強(べんきょう)を教(おし)えてあげる。
毎日(まいにち)勉強(べんきょう)をおしえたる。

I will teach you how to study every day.

サッカーを教(おし)えてあげる。
サッカーをおしえたる。

I will teach you how to play soccer. (do you the favor of teaching you)

ここかそこにリンゴを置(お)いておく。
ここかそこにリンゴをおいとく。

I will place the apple either here or there.

私(わたし)は寿司(すし) が好(す)きではないので、食(た)べないでおく。
私(わたし)は寿司(すし) が好(す)きではないので、たべんとく。

I do not like sushi, so I will not eat it. (I am going to prevent myself from eating in advance because I don't like sushi)

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