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Détails Exemples Ressources
Détails Exemples Ressources もし + Phrase[たら] (1) (1) Phrase[ば] 、Phrase[と] 、Phrase[ても]
もし is an adverb used to emphasize the nuance of 'if', with expressions like と , ば , なら , たら , and ても . Literally, the meaning of もし is close to 'while slight', or 'while small'.
To use もし , simply add it to the beginning of any phrase that uses one of the conditional expressions listed above.
Fun Fact
もし is sometimes seen written as 若( も ) し , a kanji which has the meaning of 'low in (A)', (also seen in the word 若( わか ) い 'young'). It is from this kanji that もし gets its meaning of 'while low in (probability, number, age, experience)'.
なら Were it, If, If it's the case, As for (Conditional)
なら and もし are both used in conditional expressions but have different roles. なら follows phrases to mean 'If it's the case that (A)', often implying the speaker believes it will happen. もし is used at the start of sentences or phrases to emphasize that a hypothetical statement follows, and is often paired with conditionals like なら, ば, or たら, e.g. もし雨なら行かない ('If it rains, I won't go.').
たら When, From when, Just when, If
もし and たら are often used together to form conditional ('if') sentences. もし typically comes at the start of a sentence to emphasize the hypothetical nature of what follows, while たら gives the verb its conditional form. For example, もし宝くじが当たったら車を買おうと思います means 'If I win the lottery, I think I'll buy a car.'.
もしも~なら・もしも~でも If, Supposing
もし is typically used at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize that what follows is a hypothetical situation or condition, similar to the English 'if' or 'supposing that (A)'. もしも is a more emphatic version of this, and sentences with もしも almost always contain a conditional expression, as seen in the もしも~なら・もしも~でも pattern. The specific meaning is determined by the conditional, e.g. もしも~なら 'if (A)' vs. もしも~でも 'even if (A)'.
たとえ〜ても Even if…is the case, Supposing that
もし and たとえ are similar in that both can be used at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize a hypothetical situation or condition. The primary difference is that while もし can be followed by a wide variety of conditionals, including なら, たら, ば, and ても, たとえ is almost always followed by a ても expression, giving it the meaning of 'even if (A)' or 'even supposing that (A)'.
もし and ても both express hypothetical situations, but in different ways. もし appears before a clause to emphasize the condition, similar to 'if' or 'supposing that', while ても is attached to the verb itself. Because they fill different roles, they can be used together, e.g., もし雨が降っても 'even if it rains'. もし can also pair with other conditionals like たら or ば.
と If, When, Whenever, And, [Conditional]
と is used to express natural or habitual results, as in 春が来ると花が咲く ('When spring comes, flowers bloom.'). もし adds emphasis to conditionals and can appear before と or other conditionals like たら and ば. For example, もし雨が降ったら 'if it rains' has a more hypothetical tone than if もし were not present.
もし and ば are both used in conditional expressions, but play different roles. ば is a grammatical ending that turns verbs into 'if' statements, e.g. 食べる 'eat' becoming 食べれば 'if (you) eat'. In contrast, もし is used at the start of sentences or phrases to emphasize that a hypothetical statement follows, and therefore is often paired with ば, たら, or なら, e.g. もし食べれば 'if (you) were to eat...'.
もし 雨( あめ ) が 降( ふ ) ったら 、車( くるま ) で 行( い ) く 。
If it rains, I will go by car.
もし 辛( から ) い ものだったら 、食( た ) べられない。
If it is spicy, I can't eat it.
もし コーヒーを 買( か ) ってくれ たら 、嬉( うれ ) しい 。
If you bought coffee for me, I would be happy.
もし この パソコンを 彼女( かのじょ ) にあげ るなら 、説明書( せつめいしょ ) も 渡( わた ) してね 。
If you are going to give this computer to her, (make sure to) give her the manual too.
もし 君( きみ ) が 文法( ぶんぽう ) を 勉強( べんきょう ) したら 、日本語( にほんご ) を 喋( しゃべ ) れる ようにな るでしょう 。
If you study grammar, you will become able to speak Japanese, right?
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もし – Discussion Grammaire
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