Grammar Info
N4 Lesson 4: 20/20
くはEmphasis and Contrast
Structure
[い]Adjective[く]+ は
[い]Adjective[く]+ は + ない
[い]Adjective[く]+ は + ある
Details
About くは
Besides marking the topic of a sentence in a straightforward way, the は particle can also be used to indicate contrast or comparison. One way it does this is with い-Adjectives, in the pattern ~くは.
Grammatically, this is the continuative form of an い-Adjective (く), plus the binding particle は.
~くは is most often used with negatives, to emphasize that something isn't necessarily one thing, but there is an implication that it still may be another. This looks similar to the regular negative form of い-Adjectives but with は inserted after く.
As は is being used contrastively here, often the contrast will be explicitly stated, although this isn't always the case.
Although this pattern of inserting は for contrast is most common with negatives, it can also be seen in positive sentences.
Fun Fact
Although the focus of this grammar point is ~くは, this contrastive use of は can be seen in many different contexts.
Examples
--:--
あそこのコーヒーは美味しくはない。
The coffee over there isn't exactly delicious.
この映画は面白くはない。
This movie isn't exactly interesting.
先輩:「明日忙しい?」後輩:「明日は忙しくはないですけど……。」
Senior: 'Are you busy tomorrow?' Junior: 'I'm not exactly busy tomorrow, but...'
このコートは暖かくはないです。
This coat isn't exactly warm.
僕の彼女は可愛くはないけど、性格がいいんです。
My girlfriend isn't exactly cute, but she has a good personality.
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