Structure
Verb[ない] + なきゃ(1) + いけない
Verb[ない] + なくちゃ+ いけない
(1) なけりゃ
Details
Part of Speech
Expression
Word Type
Informal Speech
Register
Casual
About なくちゃ・なきゃ
なくちゃ (short forなくては), and なきゃ (short for なければ) are the most common colloquial abbreviations used to convey that something 'must', or 'has to' be done.
Like てはいけない (must not), なくてはいけない (must), and なくてはならない (must), these abbreviation forms can be followed by いけない, ならない, or だめ. However, they are usually omitted, without changing the meaning.
Structures like this are referred to as spoken/colloquial language. These casual variations can come across in a very similar way to words like 'gotta' in English.
In these examples, a variety of forms have been used naturally. There is no 'most natural' form, and it will often depend on the speaker as to which they choose.
As with almost all grammatical structures, the shortest variations (not including いけない, etc.) are the most casual/used the most often.
There are several other ways that these common abbreviations can appear based on region, or even an individual speaker's preference. An example of this is なけりゃ, which is a (very) casual form of なければ.
In this example, we can see that some of these less common variations are used specifically by certain genders (in general). なけりゃ itself tends to be used by male speakers, and may be considered a bit rougher than なきゃ, or なくちゃ, which can be used by anybody.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Examples
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日本語を勉強しなくちゃいけない。
You must study Japanese.
暑いので水を飲まなきゃいけない。
Since it is hot, you must drink water.
もっと文法を勉強しなくちゃいけない。
I must study more grammar.
買いに行かなきゃいけない。
I must go shopping.
明日テストだから、もっと勉強しなくちゃいけない。
Since there is a test tomorrow I must study more.
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Online
〜なきゃ&〜なくちゃ
Maggie Sensei
HAVE TO なきゃ, なければ,いけない / ならない
Japanese Ammo
Offline
Genki I
Page 233
Genki I 2nd Edition
Page 273
Tae Kim's Japanese Grammar Guide
Page 144
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なくちゃ・なきゃ – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (31 in total)
Marcus
I know I was in this thread asking pretty much the same question nearly four years ago, but I stopped studying for a long time. The reason I stopped is because it’s all just so very difficult! And here we go again. I hate hate hate grammar, and especially this grammar point, but this time I’m determined to fight my way through it. But I need your help!
So, I added a self-study sentence from an anime I’m watching, but then had a thought… of course I added the answer from the anime, but I wondered what other answers would be possible here?
Marcus
Yet another question if I may!
The question asks for: “colloquial short form of ば*て+いく”
Charlotte_Bulman
Is this in the wrong place? When I go through to Maggie sensei’s link provided in the notes she has tagged this as N3 level grammar!
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