Grammar Info

Non-JLPT Lesson 1: 13/13

むずShall, Isn't it?, I wonder

Structure

Verb［ない］ + むず(1)

(1)んず、むずれ、むずる

Details

  • Standard

About むず

むず is a combination and abbreviation of the classical auxiliary verb む, the case marking particle と, and す, from standard する verbs. む was used primarily for indicating conjecture or strong will in a similar way to the modern う or よう. Due to this, depending on the context, it may be translated as either 'I shall (A)', or 'Isn't it (A)?'

むず is almost exclusively seen in very old texts, so it is likely that the surrounding grammar will also be in forms primarily used in classical Japanese.

むず will attach to the negative stem of the verbs that they are modifying.

Occasionally, む will be replaced with ん, creating んず.

むずる and むずれ are also possible to see. The former is the attributive form, while the latter is the realis, or indeterminate form.

Examples

--:--

  • 月(つき)の出(で)を待(ま)ちて、筆(ふで)を取(と)りて書(か)き記(しる)さむず。

    Waiting for the moon to rise, I shall take up my brush and I shall make a record of it.

    • 春(はる)の便(たよ)り待(ま)たれし頃(ころ)、そなたに文(ふみ)を送(おく)らむずと思(おも)ひ立(た)ちぬ。

      Around the time I was awaiting spring tidings, I resolved that I shall send a letter to you.

      • いかに世(よ)の無常(むじょう)を知(し)るとも、誠(まこと)の心(こころ)だけは失(うしな)はじと誓(ちか)ひ、歩(あゆ)み続(つづ)けむず。

        No matter how much I know the transience of this world, I vow that I will not lose my true heart, and I shall continue to journey onwards.

        • たとひ千(ち)の障(さは)りあらばとて、わが想(おも)ひは止(や)まず、ただ君(きみ)にこの胸(むね)の内(うち)を明(あ)かさむず。

          That there were even a thousand impediments, my affections would not cease, merely, I shall reveal the depths of my heart to you.

          • 世(よ)の流(なが)れに逆(さか)らはず、静(しず)かに身(み)を引(ひ)かむず。

            Without defying the tide of the times, I shall retire quietly.

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